Critically evaluate the theories that attempt to explain why women Essay

Fundamentally assess the speculations that endeavor to disclose why ladies keep on enduring weakness in the work relationship - Essay Example Most of ladies are utilized in low gifted occupations, and the way of their dealings with managers isn't dependent upon securities introduced by serious powers inside the work advertise. Lion's share of ladies at the work place are presented to out of line dealings and results with organizations (Colgan and Ledwith 2002, p. 172). Their bartering power is inconsistent contrasted with the firm because of absence of assurance. This framework works unjustifiably to ladies even as nonmarket components attempt to give some type of security to them. Since mid 1800 there have consistently been enactments intended to secure female laborers. This remembers disallowance from working for specific occupations, long stretches of work and necessary maternity leave. Thusly, firms reacted by either subbing female work or bringing down their wages to cook for the expenses. Pundits see that defensive strategies hold up traffic of ladies in their offer to contend with men for lucrative occupations (Brown et al 2009, p.151). The paper tends to a scope of speculations which have been advanced to clarify the position ladies involve in business. These speculations including radical woman's rights, Marxist women's liberation and liberal woman's rights share a few things in like manner. Aside from postmodernists, work advertise division and human capital model the defenders accept human conduct is resolved naturally. On the oppo site information from sociologies states that as much as individuals shape society, the general public also shapes individuals. This is to state that the standard women's activist hypotheses consider ladies in business relations as far as sex rather than sex. This hypothesis puts a lot of accentuation on the requirement for human office instead of social structure, in proposing improvement and clarifying women’s position. As indicated by the hypothesis it is indispensable that the two people and enactment are exposed to change. Be that as it may, the conduct change among individuals is given a lot of accentuation. The fairness among man and ladies is

Texting while driving Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Messaging while at the same time driving - Essay Example These endeavors that incorporate business like the AT& T have in the past fizzled and still give no indication of prevailing in future because of the accompanying: first, the regularly developing society which considers vehicles to be safe house, meandering office and well disposed spot where individuals do whatever they like. The subsequent explanation is the way of life of association that has left the vast majority apprehensive with the issue of being forgotten about. In conclusion, the innovative culture that leaves many caught in an inclination where they are enticed to allow the demonstration solitary pose inquiry later. A few supporters of the possibility of messaging while at the same time driving contend that it possibly turns out to be terrible when the demonstration happens while the driver is on a rapid. It is on this ground a few people suggest that remote portable specialist co-ops boycott messaging incase the telephone is distinguished to be moving quicker than 20miles every hour. It has been recommended that telephone creators arrange the cell phones to consequently guidance people imparting from the opposite side the driver is on the wheels. Be that as it may, is driving and messaging extremely corrupt? Does it conflict with God’s gauges of what is correct? It isn't begging to be proven wrong that driving under the influence is unscrupulous. The equivalent applies to comparable acts, for example, medications and driving, quick driving in a school zone or development region where men are busy working. Again it might be critical to take a break and inquire as to why these demonstratio ns are viewed as unscrupulous driving. The appropriate response will clearly be founded on the possibility that it imperils different people’s lives (Rachels, and Stuart). Presently returning to the current situation, it is contended that messaging doesn't alter people’s keenness like medications and liquor. Be that as it may, it is critical to take note of that messaging and driving enormously influence the feeling of sight, a key component while driving. It is on this ground every little thing about it turns out to be off-base. Taking the thoughts conveyed in the consequentialism hypothesis of ethical quality and

Immigration Choice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Migration Choice - Essay Example The decision of the Copper Island speaks to a progressively determined hazard for the family. Mr. Paneo, being the leader of the family, principally thinks about the government assistance of his significant other and his two youngsters by indicating inclination to less unsafe other options. Rather than hanging tight for over a year prior to the migration grant to United Territories is prepared and without a doubt, the Paneo family is in an ideal situation sending Mr. Paneo promptly to Copper Islands. It ought to be noticed that beside the considerable delay for the migration license, the Paneo family does not have the affirmation that they will meet the movement qualification for United Territories. The individuals from the Paneo family have solid binds with one another thinking about their choice to remain all together. In any case, it is additionally expected that they are likewise ready to persevere through certain penances for their most extreme advantage. Accordingly, the Paneo family, with miserable yet cheerful hearts, will allow their dad to move first in the Copper Islands for a year. This will permit Mr. Paneo to get a decent line of work and a house before his family move in. This will likewise empower him to set up his family by furnishing them with basic data like the atmosphere, the way of life, the food and things that they should be adapt to.

The AP History Exam

The AP History ExamHistory Extended Essay topics are designed to provide students with excellent preparation for the AP History exam. I would say that most students do not have the preparation to pass this test, but a good Extended Essay topic provides them with enough preparation to pass. It has been my experience that the majority of students who will apply to school in college actually never attend college. Students need to understand that the AP exams to test their ability to learn, not just their knowledge.Most of the time, students get stuck because they don't understand what the subject matter experts are trying to tell them. When students get lost in the process, they often fall behind on their coursework. This can be detrimental in terms of furthering their education. Because of this, it is vital for students to understand what the exam is all about and where they are required to locate the answers to certain questions.There are many students who do not understand the concep t of the Advanced Level Expository essay question. These students might have difficulty understanding the prompt at first, but I assure you that with some basic reading, they should be able to understand it. These questions are a little more difficult than the usual essays. At first, some students might confuse the word, 'expository' with the word, 'explain,' but in fact, they are two different things.This exam requires the student to compose a four-line essay, using a two-part short form. The first part of the essay will require some thoughts or observations, which the student should be able to relate to an event in history, and use as a basis for a future event. For example, if a student is studying African American history, he/she might write, 'I saw a number of African Americans coming into town before it was torn down.If the events described in the essay are accurate, then they have verified the facts of the preceding essay. On the other hand, if the events described in the fir st essay are incorrect, then they must agree with what the second essay says.Many students find the Advanced essay questions somewhat amusing, but I'm sure they are not learning anything useful. One thing I like about these questions is that the student has to be able to come up with three to five reasons to support each of the statements they make in their essay.Students who can come up with several good reasons, may be well rewarded with extra credit for demonstrating how great of an exceptional individuals. Most college students do not take the time to research these types of Expository topic and therefore fail to understand the true meaning of the subject.By taking a look at the History Extended Essay Topics, students will be able to clearly understand what the exam is all about. They will also be prepared for the AP Expository Exams.

A comparison of the two poems, Valentine by Carol Ann Duffy, and The Sunne Rising by John Donne Essay Example For Students

An examination of the two sonnets, Valentine via Carol Ann Duffy, and The Sunne Rising by John Donne Essay The two sonnets talk about a similar subject, which is love, however in opposite they are altogether different. Every sonnet utilizes unusual symbolism, in Donnes sonnet he represents the sun, he tends to it, Busie old foole, boisterous Sunne, Why dost thou in this manner. We will compose a custom paper on An examination of the two sonnets, Valentine via Carol Ann Duffy, and The Sunne Rising by John Donne explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now He likewise utilizes a capital letter for the sun to give an impression of significance. In Duffys sonnet, she utilizes an onion as an image of her adoration. The two of them dismiss the conventional parts of adoration, however they additionally show extraordinary delicacy and feeling. Valentine is an advanced sonnet, while The Sunne Rising is a pre 1900 sonnet. They commonly challenge the conventional love verse, Not a red rose or a silk heart. Valentine is written in a progression of disconnected lines, while The Sunne Rising is written in discrete refrains. They are both written in first individual. In Valentine, Duffy dismisses all the conventional parts of affection. She utilizes peculiar symbolism to attempt to put her perspectives forward. The writer doesn't utilize a rhyming plan. The Sunne Rising, be that as it may, encompasses a rhyming plan, Donne utilizes rhyming couplets. Another manner by which the sonnets differentiate each other is the utilization of language. We can understand Valentine, and comprehend the discourse without trouble. The Sunne Rising, anyway is significantly harder to understand due to the pre 1900 exchange. The sonnet was written in Shakespearean occasions. Duffy utilizes direct discourse in her sonnet, I give you an onion. She utilize this onion is utilized as an analogy for her affection. This announcement is rehashed twice all through the sonnet alongside the cutting edge valentine pictures which she opens the sonnet with, Not a red rose or a glossy silk heart. Donne utilize the picture of light, as does Duffy, It is a moon enclosed by earthy colored paper. It guarantees light. Donnes sonnet discusses the sun all through. This is another manner by which the sonnets are comparable, on the grounds that the two of them talk about common light, the sun and the moon. Valentine and The Sunne Rising additionally partner with one another since the two of them talk about specific parts of being visually impaired. Duffy accepts that a sweetheart can be contrasted and an onion. The onion carries tears to your eyes, thus does a darling. It will daze you with tears Like a darling. John Donne, in any case, discusses being visually impaired by a completely unique methodology. He remarks that he could easily close his eyes from the sun, yet if he somehow managed to do this he would free sight of his darling, I could obscuration and cloud them with a winke, In any case, that I would not free her sight so long On the off chance that her eyes had not blinded thine. He asserts that he has been blinded by the total magnificence of his darling. He is captivated by her and in no way, shape or form needs to free sight of this gloriousness. In Valentine, Duffy examines the matter of time in her relationship. She interfaces the flavor of onion all the rage with a kiss from her sweetheart, Its wild kiss will remain all the rage, Possessive and dedicated As we seem to be, For whatever length of time that we are. In this segment of the sonnet, she additionally includes her accomplice since she utilizes the word we. Her understanding is that the taste remains all the rage like a kiss. Donne, be that as it may, discusses time in an assorted strategy. He remarks that time isn't an issue in his relationship. His affection knows no time, Love, all indistinguishable, no season knows, nor clime, Nor hours, dayes, months, which are the clothes of time. .uc0b8a01ecc8aecbe2398565f22f6237f , .uc0b8a01ecc8aecbe2398565f22f6237f .postImageUrl , .uc0b8a01ecc8aecbe2398565f22f6237f .focused content territory { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .uc0b8a01ecc8aecbe2398565f22f6237f , .uc0b8a01ecc8aecbe2398565f22f6237f:hover , .uc0b8a01ecc8aecbe2398565f22f6237f:visited , .uc0b8a01ecc8aecbe2398565f22f6237f:active { border:0!important; } .uc0b8a01ecc8aecbe2398565f22f6237f .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .uc0b8a01ecc8aecbe2398565f22f6237f { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; murkiness: 1; progress: haziness 250ms; webkit-progress: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .uc0b8a01ecc8aecbe2398565f22f6237f:active , .uc0b8a01ecc8aecbe2398565f22f6237f:hover { darkness: 1; change: obscurity 250ms; webkit-change: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .uc0b8a01ecc8aecbe2398565f22f6237f .focused content region { width: 100%; position: rel ative; } .uc0b8a01ecc8aecbe2398565f22f6237f .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content embellishment: underline; } .uc0b8a01ecc8aecbe2398565f22f6237f .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .uc0b8a01ecc8aecbe2398565f22f6237f .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; outskirt span: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: intense; line-stature: 26px; moz-outskirt sweep: 3px; content adjust: focus; content adornment: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: total; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc0b8a01ecc8aecbe2398565f22f6237f:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .uc0 b8a01ecc8aecbe2398565f22f6237f .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .uc0b8a01ecc8aecbe2398565f22f6237f-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .uc0b8a01ecc8aecbe2398565f22f6237f:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Compare the difficulty of ladies in the public arena as portrayed in Cousin Kate and The Seduction EssayHe accepts that he has constantly on the planet left with his accomplice, in this manner he excuses time. The two sonnets are tantamount in light of the fact that they each discussion about twisted symbolism and considerations. In Valentine, Duffy discusses her affection getting deformed, It will make your appearance A wobbling photograph of anguish. In Donnes sonnet, he has misshaped sees. He comments that he has all the wealth of the world being available with him, Aske for those Kings whom thou sawst yesterday, What's more, thou shalt heare, All here in one bed lay. This statement speaks to his misshaped considerations because of falling so seriously enamored. He accepts that his darling is the world and everything in it, this is a representation, as he is overstating the significance of his sweetheart. Every sonnet, what's more, talk about adjusted items. Duffy discusses a wedding band, which is round, Its platinum circles therapist to a wedding band. She interfaces the little layer inside the onion with a wedding band. This statement potentially has another significance which is the various layers of connections. In Donnes sonnet, anyway he discusses a spheare, which as well, is round, Sparkle here to us, and thou craftsmanship all over, This bed thy focus is, these dividers, thy spheare. He educates the sun to just sparkle where he and his sweetheart are on the grounds that they essentially are the world. Just by sparkling on them, the entire world will have daylight. He believes that everything is there with him since he has his accomplice present. The sonnets differentiate each other in light of the fact that the two writers have various perspectives on connections. Duffy comprehends that a relationship can undoubtedly be fruitless. Her view is that marriage is deadly; it contracts you and secures you, Deadly. Donne anyway is so beguiled by his darling that he can't recognize any flawed parts of his relationship. He believes that they are both similarly mollified and that his bond with his accomplice will never separate, Sheis all States, and all Princes, I, Nothing else is. He accepts that she is everything, all the states, all the world and that he is equal to all the Princes on the planet. Actually, I am partial to the two sonnets. My favored sonnet yet would be Valentine. This was on the grounds that I found the language simple to grasp and I likewise thought that it was direct to identify with. I appreciated perusing her employments of abnormal symbolism, I think these made it all the more engaging. The Sunne Rising was especially testing to comprehend due to the pre 1900 discourse. I likewise saw The Sunne Rising as marginally monotonous and dull. I delighted in considering these sonnets in view of the unpredictable symbolism and the utilization of overstatements. Another explanation concerning why I delighted in perusing them is on the grounds that they are not normal for the customary love verse, they are special.

Importance Of Critical Thinking In Higher Institutions Education Essay

Significance Of Critical Thinking In Higher Institutions Education Essay The term basic intuition started in the mid twentieth century. It is a thought that has ceaselessly produced for as far back as 2500 years. Basic reasoning is a sort of intelligent reasoning that helps somebody in choosing what to do and how do it with no misinterpretation. Building up the capacity to peruse and see fundamentally is a significant part of instruction in college study.Critical believing is a significant perspective in many callings. This paper is intended to help support your insight on the capacity to peruse, comprehend and assess messages basically. It will likewise assist with creating and look at your intuition conceivably to the furthest reaches. B.K Beyer has characterized who a basic mastermind is. His own meaning of basic masterminds is that, basic masterminds are distrustful, receptive, regard proof and thinking, regard lucidity and accuracy, take a gander at various perspectives and will change positions when reason drives them to do so(Beyer 12). Explores led up until this point, one can characterize basic intuition as the way toward get-together, deciphering, assessing and breaking down accumulated data, dexterously and effectively . It can likewise be viewed as a part of someones life that causes him to go past simply thinking in order to improve and explain and improve it. Basic reasoning causes somebody to think unmistakably and objectively. It is additionally the capacity of reasoning unmistakably, freely and brilliantly. It is frightful that a great many people misjudge basic reasoning and ordinary reasoning. There is an incredible contrast among basic and ordinary reasoning. The following are a portion of the characteristics of a decent basic mastermind. Individuals with great basic reasoning abilities ought to have the option to: Think effectively and receptively Investigates circumstances with questions Think Independently Bring up significant issues and detail them obviously Perspectives circumstances from various parts of life Recognize the importance and points of interest of thoughts Supporting his perspectives with proof Basic reasoning isn't tied in with aggregating thoughts. Not all individuals with great memory, who likewise have parcel of realities are awesome in basic reasoning. A basic scholar ought to have the option to utilize what he/she knows to tackle different issues, and look for different wellsprings of data so as to educate himself. Basic reasoning ought not be contrasted or mixed up with being pugnacious or having the option to censure others. Despite the fact that basic reasoning aptitudes can be utilized to uncover bogus data and bits of gossip, it can likewise assume a significant job in helpful and productive undertakings. Basic reasoning encourages individuals to gain information and fortify ones contentions. Basic reasoning aptitudes can be utilized to improve social organizations and upgrade work forms. In scholastics, basic reasoning permits individuals to comprehend and apply things rather than simply recollecting and possibly later overlooking them. Being a decent understudy requires pondering what is happening in your school and different establishments. It very well may be contended that being a decent human expects you to adapt effectively and settle on decisions objectively. Basic deduction in instruction additionally causes individuals to break down decipher, watch and clarify ideas. Basic reasoning additionally has profound impact to all the learning forms. In our lives, basic reasoning is profitable on the grounds that it causes us to defeat any type of misdirection. Each effective college understudy is required to be an awesome basic mastermind. Basic scholar can be viewed as somebody who has the capacity and ability to think at a more elevated level. Understudies are relied upon to think basically so that their thoughts would give better life to themselves and the individuals around them. Bunches of individuals underestimate thinking however it is significant. Be that as it may, individuals will in general build up their reasoning when they discover their shortcoming and qualities. At the point when individuals think effectively in schools, they are not simply required to trust that something will occur. It very well may be said that individuals are drawing in themselves in procedure of accomplishing your objective creation their choice astutely and understanding or discovering potential answers for their issues. Basic reasoning likewise comes in when somebody is discussing school condition. The school condition is distinctive as far as physical offices, open doors for seeking after scholastically advanced projects and homeroom environment. Understudies are required to realize how to utilize their basic intuition aptitudes to adjust to their natural changes. Basic reasoning additionally comes in light of the fact that youngsters who truly need to succeed are blocked by absence of ability or Clichã ©s, yet by a scholastic situation that makes scholarly achievement essentially incomprehensible. Understudies can likewise utilize their abilities of basic intuition in analyzing their outcomes. Analyzing ones outcome is a significant viewpoint in evaluating understudies plans or thoughts. This assists with telling individuals how specific strategy for learning has been up until now. It likewise assists with telling if there is requirement for improving ones learning technique, or to present another one. Basic reasoning likewise applies when somebody is looking for capable classmate or cohort. Individuals frequently think that its hard to scan for a sensible course mate while some others think that its troublesome in dealing with some scholarly difficulties. This can be improved by assaulting the intricate course of considering and sharing of thoughts between each other and outlining each other comprehends to bring out best outcomes. At the point when individuals read course readings and some other crucial materials like legitimate strategy, government, history, etc, they are relied upon to utilize their ability in basic intuition to consider some remarkable occasions and dates as a portion of these courses like history as referenced above arrangements with date and making exact portrayal of the occasions that is being educated. In some scholastic works explicitly English, understudies are relied upon to become acclimated to spellings accurately as English language is regularly observed as the all inclusive language utilized across the nation for conveying and compositions. Understudies in the college likewise utilize basic reasoning when composing of notes and adapting effectively. Individuals who take and make great note for themselves frequently achievement in colleges. A few techniques a decent understudy can utilize when composing is writing down central matters when a teacher or a mentor is introducing addresses. These primary concerns mostly fill in as a help when somebody is attempting to peruse what he should have realized during the talks. Undergrads are likewise required to utilize their aptitudes in basic reasoning when composing assignments. Most understudies frequently copy their assignments from companions, web or once in a while books which isn't prudent. Understudies regularly consider written falsification to be a minor offense which isn't accurate. Others allude to copyright infringement to as a scholarly misrepresentation which am certain is valid. Copyright infringement is truly not worthy for somebody to effectively pass and make passing marks in the college. Without basic reasoning, most college understudies won't have the option to do anything sensible in their scholarly condition. Believing is significant to learning. Thinking requires whole character in people groups learning process. As Kabilan appropriately watches, To get capable in a language students need to utilize imaginative and basic thoroughly considering the objective language. Showing understudies how to think as opposed to what to believe is a method for surveying their perspectives, looking into and adapting autonomously. Basic reasoning can consequently help in propelling understudies to learn and utilization of their insight. Most instructors or coaches consider understudies to be unfilled vessels that necessities topping off. They generally center around boring understudies to remember notes and make answers promptly accessible. On occasion, they will in general overlook understudies character. Subsequently, understudies basic reasoning expertise is rarely completely evolved. Most understudies come into class quiet disapproved and don't take an interest in the intuitive scholarly segments. This training approach is profoundly censured by an author named Paulo Friere who considers it to be the financial methodology. Paulo rather recommended a dialogical approach strategy for instructing in light of the fact that he feels that would be the best. From the article above, basic reasoning can just be portrayed as an alluring ability in ALL parts of college work since it is the main expertise that will permit someones information and aptitude to create and advance. Its important for ones: Perusing, Note making, Task composing, Introductions, What's more, in conclusion, for understudies whose reviews include a down to earth segment.

College Term Paper Writing Services Fundamentals Explained

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Essay on Abuse in College - Important Tips to Write About Abuse in College

<h1>Essay on Abuse in College - Important Tips to Write About Abuse in College</h1><p>Have you as of late been approached to compose a paper regarding the matter of maltreatment in school? This can be a significant unpleasant errand for any individual who is curious about with composing. Misuse is something that is exceptionally horrible for the individual that has encountered it. They will most likely be unable to discuss what occurred inspired by a paranoid fear of being misjudged or they might be anxious about the possibility that that what happened will in the long run influence them all through their life.</p><p></p><p>This can truly influence an individual's capacity to give a valiant effort during their vocation or to perform well in any social circumstance. At the point when individuals are in a position where they are settling on choices about somebody's life, they will be considered responsible for their activities. On the off chanc e that there is something that they did that adversely influenced someone else, they will be answerable for it. One approach to abstain from being caused to feel blameworthy about what you did is to be able to shield yourself against a case that was made.</p><p></p><p>It is critical to see how to get ready for a task with regards to composing an exposition on maltreatment in school. This can be something that can be a serious test for the vast majority to deal with. You will need to remember that there is no correct answer with regards to article composing on this subject. Rather, you should concentrate on finding out about your point so as to realize what to expound on in the essay.</p><p></p><p>One of the main things that you have to do is explore the subject of the exposition. You should peruse as much as possible about the subject of maltreatment in school. This will assist you with building up your own one of a kind viewpoint rega rding the matter and have the option to place your data such that sounds good to you. On the off chance that you are curious about the topic that you are dealing with, you can in any case examine it however make certain to get some various assets to use.</p><p></p><p>Try to abstain from utilizing references that may be mistaken. You ought to likewise abstain from utilizing various sources that express various things about the point. For instance, in the event that you are composing an article on maltreatment in school you might need to incorporate the assessments of a couple of various individuals. In the event that the data in these sources isn't solid, you ought to depend on other data that you have read.</p><p></p><p>Try to abstain from adding one conclusion to the next. The realities ought to be the most significant things that you remember for the paper. These ought to be the main data that you remember for the exposition. Whateve r else that you incorporate is simply going to detract from the data that you as of now have.</p><p></p><p>Do not commit the error of simply attempting to compose an exposition on maltreatment in school. As referenced before, you ought to have the option to examine the point and think of a one of a kind perspective on the subject. This should give you a decent opportunity to make an exposition that is both educational and important to others.</p><p></p><p>In request to have accomplishment with a paper on maltreatment in school, you ought to consistently endeavor to think of a special perspective on the theme. You ought to likewise have the option to furnish your perusers with data that is helpful and exact. You should then be able to show that you set aside the effort to inquire about the topic.</p>

How to Write Your Own Unique Argumentative Essay Topics

<h1>How to Write Your Own Unique Argumentative Essay Topics</h1><p>In request to plan a one of a kind contentious paper points, you should initially have a satisfactory thought of what they are and how they fit into your scholarly learning. Regularly, they are introduced by colleges and universities with the end goal of understudies to participate during the time spent conversation because of which they will find out more and the aftereffect of which can give strong outcomes. You should attempt to get thoughts that you can use in making your novel exposition subjects. The following are a few thoughts on the best way to do this.</p><p></p><p>The motivation behind unique material is to find out about your subject. In this manner, composing unique expositions is absolutely a decent method to get familiar with a specific point. You can do this by moving toward your theme in a way that would be useful for your individual examination. This would op en up different roads in realizing which will permit you to see more and locate the privilege course.</p><p></p><p>If you are bad at writing in English, you can gain from the individuals who are and learn various procedures that can assist you with composing viably. The best thing that you can do so as to build up your own one of a kind factious exposition themes is to peruse a few papers from different understudies who have the equivalent subject.</p><p></p><p>By hearing their thoughts, you will get a knowledge with regards to the regions that you have not secured and in the event that you need to, you can take a couple of focuses that are special to you. This data will assist you with assembling your own paper themes so it looks special. You can likewise take part recorded as a hard copy your own paper after you have broke down the errand and verified that it is most appropriate for you.</p><p></p><p>You may n eed to think about a few components before mulling over your subject. So as certainly, you should make a rundown of every one of these things and talk with your instructor on the matter.</p><p></p><p>In request to build up your own interesting contentious paper points, you should pick up information concerning which themes to suit your character and which you would like to expound on. One model would manage the subject of governmental issues. Along these lines, you should pick a theme that would give you the chance to discover increasingly about the subject and dissect the current situation.</p><p></p><p>These are only a portion of the thoughts on the most proficient method to appropriately create your own one of a kind paper points. You can likewise incorporate a great deal of recommendations to others that can assist you with planning your interesting factious exposition topics.</p>

Writing Research Papers - Writing a Proper Research Paper Topic List

<h1>Writing Research Papers - Writing a Proper Research Paper Topic List</h1><p>When you choose to compose an exploration paper regarding any matter, what starts things out, the theme or the rundown of catchphrases? This article will give you a few hints on which ones to remember for your paper and which ones to discard.</p><p></p><p>It is significant that you follow a specific structure while picking English language examine paper themes. The exploration papers that you have to compose ought not just give you an exhaustive report on a specific point yet in addition an away from of the manner in which the subject is being handled. On the off chance that you are expounding on a field of instruction, for instance, you need to incorporate words like 'teacher'teaching' in your exploration paper since this is the manner by which individuals in the calling utilize the term.</p><p></p><p>It is significant that you incorporate the term 'instructor' in your examination paper since it includes an educator. Individuals associated with instructing training most likely originate from the higher instructive organization. In the event that you are expounding on science, medication, brain research or sociologies, you need to incorporate words like 'doctor'doctor'. Thusly, you separate the expert gatherings as well as keep the perusers from confusing what you wrote.</p><p></p><p>One thing that you have to maintain a strategic distance from while expounding on a particular field of study is utilizing any word that incorporates the word 'show'. There are numerous things that display in the field of wellbeing and human services.</p><p></p><p>The explanation for this is the term 'show' is regularly utilized by understudies when they allude to their task. It very well may be everything without exception that you consider will demonstrate that the understudy had the optio n to show their capacity in the said field.</p><p></p><p>The most ideal approaches to compose your English language look into paper themes is by composing it as various papers that are interrelated. One will stand apart from the rest on the off chance that it centers around something explicit. You ought to compose your papers as follows: you will begin with a section or an essay.</p><p></p><p>The group you use for your exploration paper isn't that much significant as interestingly, you adhere to a particular configuration. Continuously have an away from on what sort of research paper subjects you are composing and have a foreordained succession of how you would layout and compose each one.</p>

Secret Facts on Book Reports Already Done Only the Pros Know About

Mystery Facts on Book Reports Already Done Only the Pros Know About The level of examination and material quality differs, in view of the measure of book report. Before you start on the body of the report, take two or three minutes to write down some helpful data by thinking about the following focuses. A monstrously exceptionally viable factor having a place with the case is that it is really an analysis, not just a synopsis. The primary explanation is very clear. The Ugly Secret of Book Reports Already Done Being appointed a book report to finish can resemble a scary undertaking, particularly if in the occasion you have never composed a multi-page report. Additionally, picking an essayist will furnish you with an opportunity to spare important time for other indispensable exercises that you recently disregarded. You compose progress reports to flexibly data on the advancement of a venture you're taking a shot at as of now. Regardless of whether it's important to form a business rep ort or a book record, or some other kind, we have journalists having the essential arrangement of abilities to flexibly you with an exceptionally composed report for school and college understudies. On the off chance that you need only a few recommendations for book reports or separate areas rather than the entire paper, you can arrange that as well. Thus, you may depend on help with book reports and even IT assignments. You must sum up the report in the past sentence. Setting up a book report is significantly less complex than making an exploration paper or even a type of exposition. Each section must speak to a specific point or depict a particular detail. You need to ensure you know and comprehend the requests of your task. Regardless of whether you're not totally sure that we're ready to find a perfect essayist for your kind of task, you can put a totally free request so we comprehend your necessities and can check whether we have an author who's equipped for adapting to your ta sk. Composing a report may appear as though an optional assignment as opposed to the movement you needed to finish for it, however that is false. Market capitalization is the thing that financial specialists are anxious to pay for the association. Our independent authors and distributers have various yrs of information satisfying a significant decent arrangement of buys. Assume a supplier settles on the choice to exchange. Our association is among top exposition composing organizations of the country. Book reports are not equivalent to book surveys since they empower you to convey a clear diagram of a specific book. Understudies can be solicited to make consecutive slideshows from a book they've perused. On the other hand, they can be permitted to carry on various sections of the book as they are recorded. The American scholars working with Ultius may have comprehension of the book you are thinking about for your book report. You can likewise do precisely the same with accounts. Getting the Best Book Reports Already Done Our rates are a charming astonishment for each and every individual who chooses to buy a book report from us. Book reports resemble book audits however there are a couple of significant contrasts. Especially when it's inept. Alright, I Think I Understand Book Reports Already Done, Now Tell Me About Book Reports Already Done! You may wish to let your progressively hesitant perusers join first so they can take later occasions should they choose to accomplish that. As it occurs, be that as it may, the story is essentially half with respect to the executioners or, in any event, just half concerning the executioners who murdered the Clutter family. Make certain your decision doesn't join any new musings. Book announcing was identified with fatigue. Book Reports Already Done Fundamentals Explained Having perused an extremely fantastic book, you regularly need to impart your impression to different people. Imagine you're an anchor person and meeting the most significant character. At the point when the creator talks about a critical arrangement locale or character, do a similar viewpoint. Ensure you utilize a decent arrangement of models from the book to back up your sentiments. What Is So Fascinating About Book Reports Already Done? Recollect that a few people can favor the book, so it's impractical to call a writing piece 100% fortunate or unfortunate. Just individuals that are welcomed will be in a situation to open your journal. The absolute first and most critical thing you should realize whether you're mentioned to create a report is that you can't consider really composing the report until you've wrapped up the doled out bit of writing. Before you begin to peruse, consider what sorts of things you have to make your book report. Think what qualities of the book sparkle your advantage. On the off chance that you haven't, your request will be coordinated with an essayist who's able to create your book report the manner in which you need it. Composing a successful book report might be testing task for some understudies since it requires you should break down a huge total of data in similarly humble space, talk about the author's significant subjects, the plot of the story, and characters by means of a goal position. These days you have the segments of your book report sorted out, you ought to consider how you're probably going to style it. Most Noticeable Book Reports Already Done Your educator's point is to widen your cognizance of the world and society. Creating school reports may not actually a simple assignment particularly for understudies whom only sometimes grasp making techniques. Book reports are run of the mill undertakings for undergrads that help to evaluate their composition, logical, and basic rea soning capacities. Composing book reports enables any understudy to improve diagnostic and correspondence capacities and work on communicating their thoughts and suppositions about different attributes of the books they've perused. Alright, I Think I Understand Book Reports Already Done, Now Tell Me About Book Reports Already Done! Depict what occurred from the outset, the center and the finish of the book. Keep perusing to know a portion of the strategies by which innovation can be used to build book reports. Since the book dispatch is just two or three weeks away I wished to discover what I am ready to do to allure you to get two or three hardcover duplicates (explicitly in america)! So you could likewise take that methodology and use it so as to make your own game.

Readiness to implement of alternative source of energy in the hotel sector - Free Essay Example

Chapter 1 Introduction 1.0 Introduction Hotels constitute a key element of the organized chain of activity in the travel and tourism industry, and occupy a crucial place in concerns over environmental protection related to tourism and travel. The hotel industry, because of the nature of its functions, characteristics, and services, consumes substantial quantities of energy, water, and non-durable products. It has been estimated that most environmental impacts created by the hotel industry can be attributed to site planning and facility management; excessive consumption of local and imported non-durable goods, energy, and water; and emissions into the air, water, and soil (APAT 2002; Mensah 2004; Trung and Kumar 2005).. 1.1 Problem Statement Integration of renewable energy sources into hotel operations is perceived as the most promising form of crisis mitigation. There are two types of energy: renewable which is infinite and non-renewable which will run out in the future. Alternative energy includes wood or biomass, wind energy, solar energy, fusion and hydropower. Non-renewable energy includes fossil fuels, coal, geothermal power and nuclear fission. Even if with many promising alternative energy sources, hoteliers remember that conservation is the key to efficient energy use, no matter what the source of the energy may be. Energy consumption in hotels is among the highest in the non-residential building sector in absolute values. Available specific information on the energy characteristics, thermal performance, energy losses, electric loads, and comfort conditions play significant role for the sustainable development of hotels systems. During the past years, there has been rising interest, there has been increasing int erest, in the use of the concept of energy. The use of renewable sources in energy production with the need to promote sustainable tourism, provide energy-based amenities for tourists, and ensure environmental protection, and it focuses on solar power, wind power, the power of running water and biomass, the power of biofuel for motor vehicles, and biothermal energy. We are in an alarming situation in Mauritius whereby there is an increase in the arrival of tourist. The hotels sector has expand a lot with new hotels constructed. Moreover, due to that increase of tourist in hotel meaning that there is indirectly and directly an increase in the level of energy consumption. The increase in the energy consumed is having an impact upon the environment, hence hoteliers are now trying to find a solution to prevent environmental degradation. There is a need in using alternative source of energy in order to reduce their consumption and also to reduce their cost. Aims Objective of Study The aim is to analyse the alternative source of energy use in hotels and how it can be implemented with the following objectives: To analyse to which extent hotels are aware of alternative energy Assessing the alternative source of energy of hotels To assess how far the hotels are ready to implement alternative source of energy Evaluate the barriers in implementing alternative energy in hotel CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.0 Introduction In light of global climate change, issues of energy consumption in the international tourism industry have been receiving increased attention. In recent years, the tourism literature has increasingly recognized energy as an important issue. In particular, G ÃÆ' ¶ ssling et al (2005, p. 418) state: the use of fossil fuels and related emissions of greenhouse gases is, from a global point of view, the most pressing environmental problem related to tourism. The hotel sector has also been recognized as a key contributor of greenhouse gas emissions ( Warnken et al , 2004 ; Becken, 2005 ; Scott et al , 2007 ), research such as that conducted by Becken (2005) suggests that this has not typically been a major environmental concern for   tourism stakeholders. Moreover, a major concern among the hoteliers are to adapt new strategies in implementing alternative sources of energy which will help in reducing their consumption of the actual energy which is relatively high and costly. As such, Becken (2005) argues that energy has not been a major environmental concern for tourism stakeholders. 2.1 Consumption of energy by the Hotel Sector Energy has long been considered a component of environmental sustainability in tourism. For example, the environmental sustainability principle of the International Ecotourism Standard specifies that ecotourism products should minimize energy consumption, maximize energy efficiency, and implement procedures to train staff and provide relevant information to guests   ( Green Globe, 2004 ). Hotels are among the most energy-intensive compo ­nents of the tourism industry, representing essential tourist services and an important source of employment. As such In tourisms early stage, most of the energy was used to provide lighting inside and around buildings, and to provide heating. Energy was also used in storing and preserving foodstuffs, preparing and serving food, and for sanitary purposes (for bathroom facilities, laundries). Recently, the consumption of energy used in air-conditioning or for the needs of various auxiliary facilities (swimming pools, saunas, lounges) has grown considerably. About one third of all energy consumed is used in guest rooms (30 percent of total consumption of electricity, 36 per cent of total energy used in heating, ventilating and air-conditioning, and 34 per cent of total water consumption). In this situation Energy is a key precondition to tourism processes. At a final-product level, electrical energy and heat power are the forms of energy most commonly used, while mechanical energy and solar and wind power are used substantially less. 2.2 Energy sources All other forms of energy belonging to the second group are nonrenewable: fossil fuel (coal, crude oil and natural gas), nuclear power, the Earths internal heat energy released on its surface (hot springs), the Earths internal heat energy that is renewed in its interior through the radioactive decay of uranium and thorium, and light atoms that are needed for fusion to take place. These nonrenewable forms are finite energy sources, and their duration depends upon the intensity with which they are exploited. Coal is the primary energy source of fossil fuels, and its combustion releases great quantities of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. From an ecological viewpoint, this represents the pivotal problem of using fossil fuels, because CO2 and other emissions impact on the environment and pollute the atmosphere through greenhouse gasses. At the same time, the era of cheap fossil fuel has come to an end, and newly awoken concerns about fossil fuel security have further made dependency on them less desirable. In addition, the mean annual temperatures are predicted to rise in the order of 1.20-7.07à ¢Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã‚ ¦C between 2070 and 2099, further exacerbating the problem (Mimura et al. 2007). The prevalence of fossil-fuel generated power and the (still) marginal utilisation of renewable energy resources translate into significant emissions of particulates, nitrogen and sulphur oxides and other air pollutants, both locally and globally. Secondary pollution in the form of acid rain causes the acidification of lakes and soils, with negative effects on flora and fauna, human health and man-made structures and products. The decades of cheap fossil fuel did little to help promote the technology and subsequently it was not until the late 1990s that renewable International Journal of Sustainable Energy 95 energy gained new momen tum in the energy agendas of local governments and international organisations alike. The four principal strategies for reducing greenhouse gas emissions in accommodations include: reducing overall energy use, improving energy effi ciency, increasing the use of alternative energy sources and offsetting emissions through the development of renewable energy projects or the planting of trees to act as carbon sinks ( ÃÆ'– n ÃÆ' ¼ t and Soner, 2006 ; Becken and Hay, 2007 ; Dalton et al , 2007 ; Scott et al , 2007 ;UNWTO, 2007a ). 2.3 Alternative sources of energy 2.3.1 A solar thermal collector A solar thermal collector is a solar collector considered to bring together heat by absorbing sunlight. The word is useful to solar hot water panels, but can also be used to denote more difficult installations like solar parabolic, solar trough and solar towers or easier installations such as solar air heat. The more multifaceted collectors are normally used in solar power plants where solar heat is used to generate electricity by heating water to fabricate steam which drives a turbine connected to an electrical generator. The simpler collectors are typically used for supplemental room heating in residential and commercial buildings. A collector is a tool for converting the energy in solar radiation into a more functional or storable form. The energy in sunlight is in the form of electromagnetic radiation from the infrared (long) to the ultraviolet (short) wavelengths. The solar power striking the Earths surface depends on weather conditions, as well as location and direction of the surface, but in general it averages about 1,000 watts per square meter under lucid skies with the surface straight perpendicular to the suns rays. 2.3.1.1 About Parabolic Trough Solar Trough solar systems use parabolic rounded trough shaped reflectors center the suns power onto a receiver pipe running at the focus of the reflector. Because of their parabolic shape, troughs can focus the sun at 30-60 times its usual intensity on the receiver pipe. The intense energy heats a heat transfer fluid (HTF), typically oil, flowing through the pipe. This fluid is then used to produce steam which powers a turbine that drives an electric generator. The collectors are united on and east-west axis and the trough is rotated to follow the sun to make best use of the suns energy input to the receiver tube.   Heat transfer fluid (usually oil) runs through the tube to absorb the concentrated sunlight. This rises the temperature of the fluid to some 400 °C. The heat transfer fluid is then used to heat steam in a normal turbine generator. 2.3.2 Biogas Biogas can bring a spotless, effortlessly controlled source of alternative energy from organic waste materials for a small labour input, replacing firewoood or fossil fuels (which are becoming more expensive as supply falls behind demand). During the conversion process pathogen levels are diminished and plant nutrients made more willingly available, so better crops can be grown while accessible resources are preserved. Since small scale units can be moderately simple to build and function biogas should be used openly if possible (for cooking, heating, lighting and absorption refrigeration), since both electricity generation and density of gas (for storage or use in vehicles)use large amounts of energy for a small output of functional energy. This idea is suited to distributed systems where waste is treated close to the source, and mud is also reused locally,to reduce transport and primary capital cost compared to a centralised system. As the distributed system will need a sustain network, biogas contributes to the triple bottom line; benefiting the environment, reducing costs and contributing to the social organization. This kind of biogas consists mainly methane and carbon dioxide. Other types of gas generated by use of biomass are wood gas, which is formed by gasification of wood or biomass. This type of gas consists mainly of nitrogen, hydrogen, and carbon monoxide, with little amounts of methane. Biogas may be used as a low-cost fuel in the hotel industry for any heating function, such as cooking. It may also be used in present waste management amenities where it can be used to run any type of heat engine, to produce either mechanical or electrical power. Biogas can be compacted, like natural gas, and used to power motor vehicles and in the UK for example is estimated to have the potential to replace around 17% of vehicle fuel.   Biogas is a renewable fuel, so it qualifies for renewable energy subsidies in a few parts of the world. 2.3.3 Biomass Biomass, a renewable energy source, is organic material from living, or freshly living organisms such as wood, waste, hydrogen gas, and alcohol fuels. The biomass- energy- materials technology (Pinatti, 1999)à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ better known by its BEM acronymà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ uses acid pre-hydrolysis in a vacuum reactor in order to separate municipal solid wastes into two fractions. Biomass is commonly plant matter grown to generate electricity or generate heat. In this way, organic biomass can be integrated, as plants can also engender electricity while still alive. The most conservative way in which biomass is used however, still relies on direct incineration. However, it is possible to use biogas tapped from existing dumps and resulting in nil fuel costs, and either select or compatibilize technologies for upgrading the use of future municipal solid wastes, also with negative fuel costs, or opportunity cost of waste function Vollebergh (1997), based on the amount of garbage that wil l not disposed in dumps. Forest organic residues for example (such as dead trees, branches and tree stumps), yard clippings, wood chips and rubbish are often used for. Biomass also includes plant or animal matter used for production of chemicals. Biomass may include recyclable wastes that can be use to burn as fuel. However, it excludes such organic materials as fossil fuels, which have been altered by geological processes into substances like petroleum.. 2.3.4 Flat plate collectors Flat plate collectors, developed by Hottel and Whillier in the 1950s, are the most common type known still now. They consist of (1) a dark flat-plate absorber of solar power, (2) a transparent cover that allows solar energy to pass through but reduces heat losses, (3) a heat-transport fluid (air, antifreeze or water) to remove heat from the absorber, and (4) a heat insulating backing. It contain of a slight absorber sheet (of thermally stable polymers, aluminum, steel or copper, to which a black or selective coating is applied) often backed by a grid or coil of fluid tubing placed in an insulated casing with a glass or polycarbonate cover. Most air heat fabricates and some water heat manufacturers have a completely swamped absorber consisting of two sheets of metal which the fluid passes through. The heat exchange part is greater than they may be slightly more efficient than usual absorbers. 2.3.5 Hydro Using water force as a source of energy is not new method. Some countries, such as Canada, are dependent upon on hydro power. Clearly, the availability is restricted to specific region. And to make competent use of hydro power, the scale must be enough. While the contribution of hydro is important, it is not expected to belong to the main flow in terms of aggressive growth of green energy on a global basis (Halldo ´rsson and Stenzel, 2001). 2.3.5 Geothermal Earth heat source on the 9000 degrees Farenheit inner earth hotness and steadily reduces in temperature closer to the surfaces, but the temperature close to the surface vary greatly. Rainwater that sips in deeper parts of the earth gets hot and is known as geothermal source. In several parts of the world this water finds its means back to the surface via cracks and faults, such as geysers (i.e. in Iceland) and boiling springs. As with solar energy, the matter is how to tap that virtually unlimited spring of green energy. In most cases the trick is to bore to find and get access to the geothermal basis. The hot water can then be used both straight and in geothermal power plants, which consists of three varieties. Steam can directly be used to produce electricity with a dry steam generator. Water among 300-700 degrees Farenheit can be used in a Flash Power Plant, where hot water is flashed into vapor, Water with a warmth as low as 220 degrees Farenheit can be used in a Binary Power Pla nt, where the hot water in some way produces steam from a fluid with a lower boiling peak using warmth exchangers. The used water is fed back into the basis for reheating. It is renewable in a sense, as the obtainable heat capacity has its limits. Currently, the universal capacity of geothermal power plants is over 9000MW. The energy cost of easy access geothermal energy power plants is similar to wind energy. An MIT study showed that it is possible to increase the capability in the US alone to at least 100,000 MW, requiring a speculation of up to US$1 billion. It is analogous to drilling for oil; the more you want, the more hard (expensive) it is to find the sources. Clearly, geothermal energy can become a major provider to the worlds energy needs on the long term. Geothermal power plants can regulate the output to the required requests, which is a important advantage and makes them very suitable for base load power (the amount of energy that is always desired). 2.3.6 Tidal Energy If there is one thing we can safely forecast and be sure of on this planet, it is the coming and disappearing of the tide. While the energy capacity is dependable, converting it into electrical power is not simple. One option is to construct a tidal barrage (contrast to hydro lakes) which are not only complex but also cause radical changes to the currents in the estuary that could have enormous effects on the ecosystem. Nonetheless, tidal barrages have a enormous potential, worthwhile further examination. Another option is to use offshore turbines that work analogous to wind parks, but underwater and using the tides as a basis, This technology brings no environmental issues, but as it is in an early stage, the cost is not yet aggressive (like wind energy in the premature days). 2.4 Energy Audit To determine energy performance of a building, both constructional elements and energy production and consumption systems need to be evaluated. Depending on the purpose of the building aforementioned elements and systems have different contribution and a various methodology is needed for precise energy performance calculation. Energy audit is an analysis of thermal performance and energy systems of building with the purpose to determent its energy efficiency or non-efficiency. Energy audit also helps getting new conclusions and suggestions on how to increase the energy efficiency. Main goal of energy audit is to access and process collected data, and to get as much accurate present energy performance of building, concerning construction characteristics in terms of thermal protection, quality and efficiency of heating, ventilation and cooling systems, quality and efficiency of lighting and household   appliances and building management. .   For example Large-scale tidal energy production has been planned for Passamaquoddy Bay straddling New Brunswick and Maine, and the Bay of Fundy as at least the 1930s. Even the late American President John F. Kennedy, a winner of a large-scale barragestyle tidal power plan at Quoddy, envisioned a fossil-fuel-free energy future on the Atlantic seaboard. Newer tidal current technologies offer much more energy generation possibility, and much less environmental trouble, than the impoundment schemes superior in earlier plans. 2.5 Barriers to implement alternative sources of energy The need for using alternate sources for energy has been progressively rising as the environment is getting worse due to human utilization. For those people who wish to make dissimilarity in their lifestyles, or want to help find better energy sources for everybody, there are government allocations that will provide the financial support to do rising energy costs are finally starting to force global leaders to research alternatives and provide the funding to make changes. 2.5.1 Solar water heating systems (SWHS) Problems such as malfunctioning pumps, leakage from tanks etc. were experienced and maintenance and repairing facilities may not be to the required level. However, individual users in direct contact with manufacturing companies were generally satisfied. But this was true for only new systems. An encouraging response came from the potential users; 90% in the cities were willing to buy if it saved them energy. But current high prices of the system were a deterrent to them. Although solar water heating systems are simple in construction, responses indicated that minor faults could lead to serious problems, especially if not detected early. It was found that many systems did not perform as expected due to reasons such as low level of awareness, technical problems and lack of maintenance. It was also revealed that due to unsatisfactory performance, credibility of SWHS was low and there was an urgent need to restore the confidence of both existing and potential users. SWHS are still not pe rceived as environmentally attractive and potentially economical means of providing hot water to targeted users. Therefore, serious efforts and corrective measures both from industry and government are needed for a sustained growth of SWHS market. The key stakeholders (users, manufacturers and experts) indicated that the economic / financial barriers are the most important barriers for SWHS industry. The SWHS were considered high priced compared to conventional water heating systems and electricity made it further unattractive for the low bill electricity consumers. A lack of credit facilities was another obstacle in this category. Awareness / information barriers were ranked second with stakeholder indicating these as most important. Presence of SWHS industry can hardly be noticed by consumers. Industry on the other hand offers very limited choices due to a lack of significant market. Technical barriers were ranked third with stakeholders indicating these as most important. However, some experts and users were of the opinion that technical barrier would have been ranked first if the SWHS were used more widely. SWHS manufacturers on the other hand argued that the lack of knowledge about the system design and operation, and a lack of maintenance were the root cause of the problem. The quality of the product has improved in the last three years. 2.5.2 Recommended actions to remove SWHS barriers The Following measures were recommended by the stakeholders to remove the barriers. Information and awareness Development of effective public awareness and promotion programs that are prepared based on market surveys and studies. It was proposed that the programs should concentrate on use of media especially TV and newspapers. The concept, the benefits and the required operating conditions for SWHS should be made clear to end-users through these media strategies. Promotion of SWHS could also be done through participation in various exhibitions held in syndicates, hotels, clubs etc. The demonstration systems can be set-up in places like city councils, clubs, big factories, conference halls, and stadiums etc. where the impact can be far reaching. Printed materials (such as leaflets, brochures) containing information on systems, selection criteria, maintenance requirements, and information about suppliers and their after sales services needs to be made available to the consumers. ther modes for awareness building could include seminars and presentation to targetted users in schools, universities and clubs, and awareness among students by setting up of laboratories in these places. Economic and financial Financial support from the governmental, private sectors and donor agencies to the SWHS needs to be put in place. Availability of credit facilities with low interest rates and reduction in SWHS prices to make it competitive with other alternatives is equally important. Encouraging local manufacture of SWHS by reducing taxes and customs duties on solar water heating system components. Financial and technical support to research and development activities for product improvement should also be provided Technical Current manufacturing standards and specifications should be revised to include quality control and assurance components and installation requirements. SWHS and their spare parts could be made available in shops and markets.   This should be accompanied with availability of maintenance centres within easy reach. A program or mechanism to address the problem of the systems already installed in the new cities needs to be prepared and implemented. Relevant government authorities, manufacturers and dealers of SWHS need to co-operate in this programme. The users of the system need to be made aware o f the maintenance requirements of the SWHS through the program. Formulation and enforcement of appropriate quality checks at the factory level, product quality and performance guarantee and mechanism for their enforceability , and setting up maintenance cum marketing centres for SWHS are other measures to increase their penetration. Institutional A federation, union or society, which can bring representatives of users, companies, financing sources, policy makers and researches on one platform can be very useful to co-ordinate efforts in this area. 2.5.3 PV (photo voltaic) systems for electrification There was a consensus that economic and financial barriers are the most important barriers and should be addressed first. This was followed by policy barriers, indicating need for a governmental mechanism to promote PV technology (Ahmad and Shenawy, 2006). Market barriers were considered next in importance, indicating small size of the market and limited access to international market. Private sector involvement was limited due to small size of the market. Some PV manufacturers even suggested the need for obligatory laws for rural electrification using PVs. While experts and users considered technical problems and availability of maintenance as an important barrier, PV manufacturers did not consider this as a barrier. Important barriers within these categories were as follows: Lack of information The awareness on the applications of solar PV systems is very low. High dissemination costs The target group for solar electrification lives in dispersed rural dwellings, and proportion of wealthy households is also low in these areas. Dwellings are far apart, and therefore the transaction costs for commercial dissemination, installation and after-sales services are very high. These costs are estimated to be about 30% of the total costs of PV systems. Unfavorable tariff system The tariff charged by utilities does not reflect the real cost of rural electrification. Tariffs for electricity are identical in rural and urban areas, although the cost of supplying electricity is much higher in the countryside. On the other hand, consumers with low consumption of electricity pay lower tariffs. This makes PV system uncompetitive with the grid electricity. PV system is also not able to offer the range of services that a grid can offer, making it further uncompetitive. The electricity tariffs do not include external costs (environmental costs) due to use of fossil fuels in electricity generation. If these costs are considered in tariff setting, PV systems could be competitive with traditional electricity sources. Taxes and duties As in many other developing countries, PV system is considered a luxury product and charged very high import duty. Sometimes, tax exemptions may be available for equipment imports for a public or NGO project. But this inhibits commercialization. Further, the components that are produced locally (such as charge regulators, and batteries), attract high duties to protect the market for local manufacturers. This can cause problems if technology with the local manufacturer is not reliable. Import of equipment and materials is also a problem due to foreign exchange constraints. 2.5.3.1 Actions to overcome the PV electrification barriers The solar PV systems still have opportunities and potential for contribution to the rural development programs. These include the following: Solar radiation is high in Tropical Island, making solar PV system operation quite reliable and attractive. Technical and technological experiences are available. The actions to overcome the barriers include the following; Awareness campaigns need to be launched on regular basis to bring out the potential merits of PV systems and applications. Financial schemes need to be designed to support buyers. Manufacturers, suppliers, and agents should have their representatives and centres near the consumers. Since the PV programme is in initial stage, government supported market incentives needs to be designed to encourage commercial development and deployment. PV rural electrification projects can be integrated with other development programs. Integration of various PV rural electrification projects can help sharing of experiences in barrier removal. 2.5.4 Large Biogas Plants (LBP) The barriers identified in the case of LBP are: Information and awareness barriers A lack of awareness on LBPà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸s positive economic and environmental impacts Absence of governmental support for development, awareness and dissemination of the technology, necessary in the early stages of such programs. Institutional barriers Lack of co-operation and communication between the involved institutions, organisations and other stakeholders. Absence of NGOs role Economic and financial barriers Competing petroleum products and electricity are subsidized and easily available. High capital costs of LB P compared to other organic waste treatment systems. There is no economic evaluation for the positive environmental impact of the LBP. Unavailability of land within the targeted sites. Policy barriers A lack of application of environmental laws. Moreover, due to the high revenue generated by the states upon energy provided by the states electricity central, it is very difficult to implement alternative or renewable energy. 2.5.4.1 Actions to overcome the LBP barriers Since the LBP programme is in initial stages, most of the action needed relates to formulation of a proper plan and setting up implementing agencies, and ensuring co- operation between various agencies involved in the programme. The actions may include; Awareness programmes bringing out benefits of LBP as a source of clean energy and provider of environmental benefits through waste treatment. Reforming energy pricing policy to encourage and make RETs competitive with petroleum fuels and electricity. Setting up financing mechanisms to provide financing at reasonable rates of interest. Carrying out market potential study. Setting up a coordinating committee for planning and implementing the national action plan as suggested above for LBP. Strengthening the co-operation between the concerned ministries, institutions and organisations involved in the programme. Encouraging NGOs role in promoting LBP technology. 2.6 Direct and Indirect Impacts Social and environmental impacts of SWHS Energy saved by renewable energy technologies was estimated to be about 65%.   Estimated annual reduction in CO2 emissions is 190 thousand tons. Since the manufacturing is de- centralised and relatively labour intensive (at present, compared to alternatives; oil and electric heating), it is expected to have provided social benefit through increased employment. Unlike oil and gas, it does not need fuel processing, and hence air and water pollution associated with processing of these fuels is reduced. The technology is safer to use compared to other alternatives (gas, electricity). Installation of systems may however need careful planning to avoid disturbing landscape an d building attractiveness. Impacts of PV systems Electrification positively impacts the living conditions of consumers and they provide productive or income generating activities. This is through irrigation of agricultural and grazing lands (using PV pumping technolog y), crop drying and providing energy for small scale projects. As a source of clean energy, it reduces pollution. It also promises to be a sustainable energy source and provides global benefits through reduction of CO 2 emissions from the conventional electricity generation. Impacts of LBPs LBPs have potential to reduce GHG( green house gases) emissions from waste and replacing reducing fossil fuels usage. The organic fertilizer produced by LBPs can substitute a part of chemical fertilizer usage, reducing GHG emissions (emitted from energy used in producing the fertiliser) and soil pollution from chemicals. LBPs can also be expected to have positive social impacts through increased employment and income generating activities.   The actions that could be taken to overcome the barriers and use the opportunities provided by the RETs are summarised below. Economic / Financial Barriers Creation of financial schemes (for purchasing RETs equipment and systems.) Reduction in taxes and duties on the components and / or materials needed for renewable energy (RE) systems. Government-supported market incentives to encourage commercial development and deployment of RE technologies. Technical Barriers Setting rules and legislation for quality assurance, standardization, and certification of all the RE components and systems. Manufacturers, suppliers, and agents should have their representatives and centres near the consumers. Information and Awareness Barriers Development of effective public awareness and promotion programs such as demonstrations of systems, brochures, training courses, and workshops for targeted users. 2.7 Conclusion From the literature review it can be found that there are different ways to adopt so that to reduce the consumption of energy. It can be found that the solar panel is being used increasing in different industries. Moreover, new measures of alternative energy are being developed to minimize the consumption of energy. Thus the new ways of developing alternative energy will help to lead hotels and other industry to a sustainable industry. Moreover, this also an overview for hotels to know how far they are able to implement alternative source of energy and how they can also be able to reduce their cost of energy and their consumption. However, there are some barriers that they will have to face in order to implement those alternative source of energy. CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY 3.0 Introduction This chapter provides the methodology of the survey envisaged on the implementation of renewable sources of energy in the hotel industry. In this vein, it represents the crux of the study and it therefore, seeks to outline the key aspects before, during and after conducting of the survey. It offers a framework about how the research was carried out and elaborates on the questionnaire design and enumerates several limitations pertaining to the survey. 3.1 Sources of data For this research both primary and secondary data were used. Table 3.1: Types of Data Primary Research Secondary Research Questionnaire Books Academic Journals The research method used to collect and analyses the primary data were the qualitative approach. This is so because these data are considered to be more critical and more likely to present a true picture of the Alternative sources of energy used in hotel industry. 3.2 Method of Data Collection To be able to make a true and valid assessment of the present alternative sources of energy in hotels, it was deemed appropriate to carry out a face to face interview to gauge real situation within the organizations (Appendix A). The interview was addressed to the Maintenance Manager of the different hotels: namely Prince Maurice, Touessrok, Silver Beach, Long Beach and Belle-Mare Plage since they are directly involved in carrying out duties, functions, and management of energy consumption.   3.3 Sampling Since this was a comparative study and we have different hotels thus the Sampling was limited to five hotels. The hotels were contacted through email and telephone calls. These five establishments were selected due to their category, as they are among the best hotels in the district flacq. 3.4 Questionnaire Design The questionnaire used for this survey comprises of 6 questions which Moreover, the following factors were taken into consideration when designing the questionnaire; The questions available in the questionnaire provide the data to meet the objectives. Each question is clear, relevant, concise and well-constructed to encouraged respondents to answer. There are both open-ended and close-ended questions to capture both the qualitative and quantitative data. The aim of the questionnaire was to get specific answers about impletementing alternative source of energy within the hotel sector. 3.6 Interview A face to face interview was conducted with the maintenance manager of the different hotels. Interview questions were designed so as to be more precise in the search of information. It was a structured interview that is the questions and their sequences were fixed. The interviewer reads the questions from the interview schedule previously prepared (Black and Champions 1976: 364-368; Kerlinger 1973: 481). From the interview method, the different management strategies of the different hotels were known. The results gain in the interviews will be used to compare the alternative energy used in the different hotels. The main advantages of that kind of interview are that it permits greater depth of answers and it often has a higher response rate than questionnaires. The interview lasted about an hour with the Maintenance managers for the different hotel, Le Touessrok Hotel, Le Prince Maurice and Long Beach hotel. However, hotels like Belle-Mare Plage and Silver Beach didnt respond to our r equest. There was a combination of different types of questions. As the research is more qualitative in nature, open ended questions were used to allow the respondent to express his or her opinion freely on specific issues and to reply in his own words. The same questionnaire was applicable for all the hotels for the interview. The research questions covered in this questionnaire was related to: Difficulties involved in implementing different alternatives sources of energy in the hotel industry. Government support Energy conservation programs /schemes that are or can be implemented in the hotel industry. Awareness of present renewable sources of energy. Future plan to implement renewable sources of energy 3.7 Limitation of study Normally, no survey can experience a perfect evolution. Similarly, the present one had to undergo certain constraints and was subject to various limitations as exhibited below. Further research on how the implementation alternative sources of energy could have been undertaken but due to the restriction such as: The busy schedules of respondents; some of them were not keen to respond to the interview due to time constraints Having access to the hotels was quite difficult since it was time consuming to have the permission and authorization to interview the maintenance managers for example like Belle- Mare Plage and Silver Beach hotel. The main problem were transport facilities , since we had to go to the hotels by bus and taxi 3.8 Conclusion This chapter provides a thorough explanation of how data was collected, processed and analyzed for the methods of data collection. It gives further details on how the questionnaire was designed and how the interview was conducted at the hotels. Lastly, the limitations of the research were discussed that is all the constraints to be able to collect data. CHAPTER 4 RESULT AND DISCUSSION 4.0 Introduction This chapter deals with the findings gain through the interviews of the different hotels, Le touessrok hotel, Long Beach, Le Prince Maurice. These interviews helps us to understand how the two WHS are being managed and what are the different policies that are set up for managing such site. With both interviews, a comparison study of sites is done in order to judge against the strategies being used at both sites. 4.1 Awareness Q1: Are you aware of the renewable sources of energy ( Solar, Wind, Tidal, Biogas and ? Mr, Ahbisek Sobrun, Le Touessrok Hotel:   They are initially aware of renewable sources of energy. For instance, they argued that they are informed about the solar, wind, and tidal energy. Due to the increase demand for energy in the hotel, they stated that they need to venture towards new sources of energy that will have the potential to compensate at least a percentage of the required demand. Mr. Avinash Bissesur,Le Prince Maurice: They were aware of the alternative of energy that can be implemented in the hotel industry due to the fact that they received monthly magazines that are related to those energy and also due to global warming of   the earth which is occurring right now. Moreover, while attending meetings among hotels groups with potential investors towards green energy. Mr. Christian Kim Luck, Long Beach Hotel: They are aware of the alternative source of energy. However, due to the fact of recent renovation of the hotels rating from a 3 star to a 4 star*, investment cost of renovating is so huge that investing in alternative resources of energy would have lead to a deficit. From the above statement of the different   maintenance managers of the hotels, it can be found that they are aware of the different alternatives source of energy available presently. Though, they have the knowledge about the potential benefits of these sources of energy, yet it is quite difficult implement these sources in the hotels   presently. In addition that, participating in conferences, seminars and forums towards green energy, have lead certain hotels companies like sun resorts limited to invest in solar panels as it is going to be implemented at   Le Touessrok Hotel in the future, approximately in seven years. Hence, it is found that the other hotel groups, like Constance, have not opted to go towards green energy presently. 4.2 Implementation Q2: Have you think about implement these alternative source of energy in the hotel? Mr. A. Sobrun, Le Touessrok Hotel: At present the hotel have not implemented any alternative sources of energy. This is because of the initial cost that is huge to invest in these projects. However, they have future plans in investing in these projects. For instance at Le Touessrok they are going to implement the solar panel technology in 7 years. Mr, A. Bissesur, Le Prince Maurice: The hotel has not implement any alternative sources of energy. this is so because the cost of implementing such projects are costly and the return on investment will take several years. Mr. C. K. Luck, Long Beach Hotel:with the recent renovation, the implementation of such projects is not possible for the time being. However, they have future plans for investing in such projects after recovering from the investment cost of the renovation. From the results above, It can be found that the hotels are indifferent for the implementation of the alternative source of energy for the moment as there are lots of research and works to be done in order to implement these sources. They are merely interested in investing in alternative sources of energy, but not for the time being. As stated above by the maintenance manager of Le Touessrok Hotel, they are working upon the implementation of those energy in the seven coming years. But this is not the case for Long Beach hotel and Le Prince Mauritius, where the Maintenance   manager of the respective hotels argued that the implementation of alternative source of energy will cost them a lot money and investment. Hence, it can be found that they have an interest in implementing them in a coming future. 4.3 Barriers in implementing Q3: What would be the difficulties involved in implementing these alternative sources of energy? Mr, A. Sobrun,Le Touessrok Hotel: To start with, the main drawback is about the huge investment cost that should be done in order to have these sources of energy. for instance, if they want to reduce the consumption of energy by at least 30 % they will have to invest about several millions. However, we are planning to insert solar panel in   the future and this will take us around 6-7 years to implement this project. The main reason is that this decision has been taken from the main office and the maintenance manager cannot take decisions alone. Investing in the solar panel in 7 years later, will help us to have the sufficient amount of finance and support from the government. We also perceive that in 7 years the investment cost will be lowered in cost and we will have a greater return on investment. However, we do ,believe that in the future coming years we may have other alternative sources of energy that can be more efficient than solar panels. Moreover, we have to look for a better landscaping area whereby we could benefit from maximum sunlight as well as not having a scenic pollution due to the fact that solar panel takes a lot of space. Mr. A. Bissesur, Le Prince Maurice:   the main drawback is about the cost involved in the solar panel. We do believe that this will reduce our consumption of energy but it will be in the long run. If we want to supply all the hotel it will cost us about several hundred millions of rupees. We should also take into consideration about the shareholders since they wont receive too much of dividend if the hotel invest huge sum of money.   We will have to take into consideration about the land clearing in order to allocate space for these panels. Moreover, care should be taken before investing in such project since this industry is seasonal and during off-peak season we wont recover our cost. Mr. C. K. Luck, Long Beach hotel: to start with, the main drawback is about the huge investment cost that should be done in order to have these sources of energy. The main reason is that this decision has been taken from the main office and the maintenance manager cannot take decisions alone. However, we do ,believe that in the future coming years we may have other alternative sources of energy that can be more efficient than solar panels. Moreover, we have to look for a better landscaping area whereby we could benefit from maximum sunlight as well as not having a scenic pollution due to the fact that solar panel takes a lot of space. From the above analysis it can be found that the major constraints in implementing alternative sources of energy is merely in the investments costs involved in these projects. The second factor is concerned about land area whereby there should be clearance of certain land area in order to implement these solar panel since they cover large spaces. In addition to that decision are taken by head office and thus it is quite difficult and time consuming. Besides, that decision is quite difficult to implement without their consentment since huge investment affect their dividend yield. Furthermore, since the tourism and hospitality industry is seasonal, during off-peak season will be quite difficult to cover the cost. 4.4 Energy Saving Q4: What are the energy saving decisions that to implement in the hotel? Mr, A. Sobrun, Le Touessrok Hotel : We usually place notice in the staff canteen , rooms and we lay emphasis to give initiatives to our staff and guest towards energy conservation. We are working on the implementation of the LED (light emitting diode) project whereby we would lik to replace all bulbs by LED . All our lighting system and air conditioning in rooms and villas are all link to the key of the rooms . For instance , once the key is inserted in the room th lighting system and conditioning system are in operation. Mr. A. Bissesur, Prince Maurice : It is a mere fact that we should be aware about the increase in demand for energy in the tourism and hospitality sector. However initiative should be taken in the hotel itself, in order to have a reduction in the daily cost in energy. We have All our lighting system and air conditioning in rooms and villas are all link to the key of the rooms . For instance , once the key is inserted in the room the lighting system and conditioning system are in operation. Mr. C. K. Luck, Long beach : For our hotel ,we have put low consumption bulbs in order to save in terms of cost, light sensors are also placed in various parts of the hotel, in order not to waste energy During the day.   We have design the hotel in such a way that we benefit from sunlight and it is not necessary   to light up the rooms during the day. We also have educative campaign to all staff in order for them to be conscious about energy conservation. All our lighting system and air conditioning in rooms and villas are all link to the key of the rooms . For instance , once the key is inserted in the room th lighting system and conditioning system are in operation From the above analysis it has been found that the three hotels take measures at least to save energy in the hotel. The more the hotel is the generating revenue the more they are trying to use certain measures for energy conservation. Moreover, the fact that energy consumption is a cost for the hotel they have to abide by the rules that the government have set up. Also use of the bulbs that the government has put into action in Mauritius is useful to save energy. The more they are going to save the energy the more the revenue will be. The fact that hotel extensive amount of air conditioning in rooms and light, it has become a great issue in the hotel industry. Therefore as these hotels are among the best hotels they are trying the maximum to implement energy saving measures. For Long Beach hotel it is a good decision whereby to use the natural light rather than electricity. More hotels should implement these simple methods so that to save energy. 4.5 New equipment to save reduce energy cost Q5: Do you encourage energy conscious specification in selection of new equipment? Mr, A. Sobrun, Le Touessrok Hotel : concerning the selection of equipment it is quite difficult to implement decisions about the selection of equipment that consume less electricity this is so because the equipment are bought by the head office and they are the one who do the selection. In addition, to that, It is the research and development of the manufacturer itself to develop equipment that have low consumption of energy. For instance, we have replaced the pizza oven which was initially operational with gas and this has been replaced by an oven using wooden brickets. This is more efficient Mr. A. Bissesur, Le Prince Maurice: when our equipment have reached their life time, we replace them with new and more efficient equipment in terms of energy saving and increase in output produced, for example, new mechanized vegetable peelers. We opt for equipment that have better yield in terms of output and energy consumption. Mr. C. K. Luck, Long Beach Hotel: with the recent renovation, we have included low consumption equipments and materials concerning HVAC ( Heating, ventilation and Air- conditioning system. This is has been the decision of the head office in order to reduce the daily cost in energy As per the answers above it can be seen that Le Touessrok hotel finds it difficult to buy new equipments because it does not depend on them, it is a decision that should be taken by the management moreover according to its statement the hotel is already trying to apply the new equipments to the hotel that is the pizza oven. They are not really concerned by this as for the staff its the management that needs to take the appropriate measures. Concerning the long beach hotel and Le Prince Maurice they are already applying the new equipments to the hotel. According to them they are concerned directly by the usage of electricity thats why they are adapting low consumption equipments in their hotels. That is long beach is applying it to their HVAC system and LE Prince Maurice for their mechanized vegetable peelers. 4.6 Action to be Taken Q6: Do you think that action needs to be taken immediately to reduce energy consumption? Mr, A. Sobrun, Le Touessrok: since we are having more and more development, especially in the tourism and hospitality industry ,there is an increase in the demand for energy. During the dawn the amount of energy consumed by hotels ,especially electricity is enormous. If we do not venture in new alternative sources of energy, we are going to be faced with a shortage in the supply of electricity. Mr. A. Bissesur, Le Prince Maurice: We should lay emphasis towards sensitization of our staff and guest since initiative for energy conservation should be done from the root itself. Once they are conscious it is believed that there will be a reduction in the daily cost in energy . In the future if we invest in alternative sources of energy we shall be better off in the long term towards energy consumption. Mr. C. K. Luck, Long Beach: According the maintenance manager, energy conservation can be done through small incentives like installation of light sensors in toilets , rooms and pathways. In addition street lighting that are included in the pathway of the hotel could be replaced by solar lamps From the above statement of the different maintenance managers of the hotels, it can be found that they are aware of the fact that staff as well as customers must be sensitized on the consumption of energy because according to Le Touessrok if alternative sources of energy is not used in the near future they will face a shortage in the supply of electricity. Moreover as there are new technologies being adopted in these hotels these require more and more energy thus alternative sources must be developed. According to Le Prince Maurice sensitization should start. Sensitization can be done through meeting with the staff as well during the relax time of the guest and this can take only 5 minutes to encourage them to save energy. Finally Long beach stated that the sensitization can also be done through small incentives such as like installation of light sensors in toilets , rooms and pathways. Chapter 5 Recommendation and Conclusion 5.0 Recommendation The recommendations are intended to be comprehensive but reflect the priority energy issues. The resulting recommendations are categorised into these main areas: 5.1 Renewable Energy Initiatives To expand the use of renewable energy technologies in hotels of Mauritius it will be critical to identify key project opportunities. One of the main fundamentals matters are to attract probable investors is a basic set of data identifying key resource locations and telling the likely quantity and quality of such assets. A broad measurement of renewable energy resources, including hydro, wind, biomass, solar and geothermal, should be assembled, building on past assessments such as the BEB.Renewable Energy Study. (1990) and the BEL .Least-cost Generation and Transmission Planning Study. (1999). Site-specific assessments should be conducted in expectation of locating quality resources with the probable for commercial utilization. All projects recognized must incorporate the issue of natural disaster attentiveness into their design and execution. Carry out renewable-energy resource assessments for hydro, wind, biomass, geothermal, and solar energy and amass these into a single Renewable Energy Resource Database to use in promoting Le Touessrok, La prince Maurice and Long beach as a destination for renewable-energy investments. The database should not only identify resources, but should contain potential project proposals. 5.2 Energy Efficiency Initiatives From an individual perspective, it can mean significant savings over the long term. However, despite the obvious benefits, there has historically been a lack of energy-efficiency initiatives in Hotels in Mauritius. Implement a broad energy-efficiency training program for utility staff, hotel developers and engineers, possible entrepreneurs and other pertinent stakeholders. The hotels of Mauritius Building Codes should be reviewed to include potential energy saving design features. Appliance importers should be educated about energy efficiency and encouraged to import energy efficient appliances. The long-term success of energy-efficiency initiative depends on a high level of encouragement from the general public Design and initiate a national energy-efficiency education and awareness programme meant at all sectors of civil society, to correspond the overall goals of the government with respect to the country, economic development, defense of the environment, and the links to, and adv antages of energy-efficiency. This programme can be conducted in conjunction with the awareness programme on renewable energy. 5.3 Solar Energy As consumers demand more eco-friendly vacation choices, the tourism industry is responding with energy-efficient and carbon friendly resorts and hotels. Other environmental steps the hotel has taken include food composting and recycling, installation of a new kitchen exhaust hood control system to save energy costs, and converting to CFL lights wherever possible and replacing garage lights with QL lights for energy savings. There is a need to understand that the sun is the main source of energy of the earth and the solar system. They should investigate how the water cycle transforms solar energy into hydroelectric power. Moreover they should to understand the process of photosynthesis and investigate the different methods of direct collection of solar energy. Finally, be able to recognize the use of photovoltaic cells in transforming the energy received from the sun into electrical energy. 5.4 Wind and water Energy The hotel should understand that wind and water are major energy sources of life on earth. And be able to identify several sources of wind and water energy as alternative forms of energy. Moreover they should determine the advantages and disadvantages of using alternative energy sources and investigate the working of windmills and how they are used to obtain energy from wind. Furthermore, the hotels should understand the working of modern wind turbines and modern wind energy systems and how alternative forms of energy are directly or indirectly converted into other forms of energy, such as heat and electricity. Also to investigate the process of obtaining energy from water waves. 5.5 Conclusion In the very near future, energy efficient hotels will cease to be the exception but will be the rule. Energy conservation and the intelligent utilization of renewable energy sources are prerequisite for sustainable development of tourism. Due to global warming and increased standards in hotel industry, there is an increasing demand for energy for cooling in general, although this is especially reflected in hotel industry peaking in summer period. Furthermore, energy demand for hot water and food and beverages preparation in a hotel increases proportionally with the number of tourists. All these energy issues are overburdening the ever competing hotel industry. Hotels, in order to optimize their energy costs and implementation of renewable energy sources utilization, have to perform energy audit an analysis of thermal performance and energy systems of building with the purpose to determent its energy efficiency or non-efficiency. From a hotel managements perspective, energy represents a significant but one of many cost items in their balance sheets that could influence on hotels bottomline profits4. Energy efficiency measures can always be implemented in a building to improve energy systems. They vary from simple measures of energy efficiency with no additional costs, measures with small expenses and fast payback period (up to 3 years) to those measures with higher expenses, longer pay back period (more than 3 years) which are connected to reconstruction activities. Due to heterogeneity of accommodation facilities in size, age, construction material, energy appliances, luxury level, location, etc. that affect the consumption pattern, it is difficult to apply common methods of energy consumption analyses such as energy auditing in hotels without some adjustments. This induces another problem for evaluating energy efficiency in hotel industry which is deciding on what is the industry best practice and lack of benchmarking32. Although it is difficult to benchmark   alternative sources of energy in overall hotel industry, a successfulness of the suggestion measures could be individually evaluated by the same quality of service provided and pleasure of guests achieved in the hotel while having lower energy bills than before the energy efficiency measures applied.