Ethnic Group Conflict The Israeli-Palestinian Conflict

Social perception is powerfully mediated by cultural conformity, especially when it concerns religious beliefs. The Israeli-Palestinian conflict demonstrates this concept vividly. Both sides harbor antagonistic social perceptions against each other. Only by changing these perceptions can a reconciliation be reached. The opposing views result in a biased lens, which only serves to uphold the traditionally held generalities each culture has of the other. Even though religion is a primary theme in the conflict between these two groups, it may only be the bridge that transcends all the differences of the two ethnic groups. The concept of peace building may help to change perceptions and cultivate positive interactions when it emphasizes†¦show more content†¦These two ethnic group engage in war with each other because of long-held stereotypical beliefs about each other which is the result of a biased perspective. For example, the Israeli people believe that the Palestinian s are using peace seeking strategies as a temporary scheme, and that their true objective is to conquer and control Palestine. On the other hand, many of the Palestinians perceive that Israel does not wish to achieve a peaceful resolution with Israeli citizens, but instead desires to remain in control of the land between the Jordan River and the Mediterranean Sea. It is challenging to understand the precise demands of either side of this conflict because of the differing interpretations and opinions. However, there are many people on each side who disagree with the political issues of these warring groups. Social psychologists Fritz Heider formed the balance theory, in which he states that people look for consistency among their attitudes (Shiraev Levy, 2010). In other words, a person feels balanced if he or she and a person he or she likes agree on a topic, or if he or she and a person he or she dislikes disagrees on a topic (Shiraev Levy, 2010). According to Heider (1959), individuals often overrate the positive attributes of those they like and undervalue positive attributes in those they dislike. People also tend to emphasize the negative attributes of those peopleShow MoreRelatedEssay about Ethnic Conflict in the Middle East1665 Words   |  7 PagesEthnic Conflict in the Middle East Ethnic conflicts are well rooted in the worlds history and perhaps inherent in human nature. This type of conflict is difficult to resolve as is evident in the situation in the Middle East. The ethnic conflict theory explains that it is not territory, politics, or economics that prevents the achievement of peace between the Israeli and Palestinian peoples, instead, it is a deep-seated hatred of one another that neither group can overcome. TheRead MoreIsrael And Palestine Conflict Between Judaism And Islam1568 Words   |  7 PagesIsrael and Palestine The conflict between the Palestinians and the Israelis is largely a religious conflict. Even though religion, ethnicity, territory, and politics are inextricably interwoven, the conflict is largely fueled and driven on by the religious rift between Judaism and Islam. Without the religious component of a Jewish state and the religious identity of the Palestinians clashing against one another, perhaps the conflict would still have emerged out of territorial or nationalistic disputesRead MorePeace : A Power Sharing Approach1091 Words   |  5 PagesAlthough one state between the Jordan River and Mediterranean Sea is the de facto situation (Mearsheimer 144), Palestinians are deprived of basic rights, including freedom of movement and political rights. 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To answer this question one must determine if there is a well-established definition of the phrase ‘ethnic cleansing’ and also establish that this was the intent of the Zionists, both initially and subsequently. This can be

Article Summary of From Kitchen Tales to Table Narratives

reserves the right to resell the materials at some point in the future. Since the research materials are provided to you by human beings, and may be based on numerous sources, it is strongly recommended that you conduct independent research to verify that all information is complete and accurate before referencing the material. This reminder does not contain all of the terms and conditions that govern your purchase Article summary: Zubiaurre, Maite. Culinary Eros In Contemporary Hispanic Female Fiction: From Kitchen Tales To Table Narratives. College Literature 33.3 (2006): 29-51. MLA International Bibliography. Web. 25 Nov. 2012. Quite often, figures of the maternal and the erotic are seen as mutually incompatible when depicting women in literature. However, through the use of food in Hispanic fiction, many women authors have attempted to bridge this divide. The bodies of women have often been portrayed as confections like dessert, but the act of preparing food can also take on an erotic resonance of nurturing. In some readings of Hispanic womens fiction this has been read as empowering but Maite Zubiaurre argues in her essay Culinary Eros in Contemporary Hispanic Female Fiction: From Kitchen Tales to Table Narratives that this is merely another way to view the powerful woman as a witch and sorceress at the margins of society (in this case, the kitchen) rather than as an empowered woman in her own right outside of the home. In Like Water for Chocolate,Show MoreRelatedPlace8569 Words   |  35 Pages The kitchen holds a lot of memories in our lives. From the time our parents nested us a home, mother and father had cooked or dined with the family in the kitchen. The walls of the kitchen have many stories to tell and memories to keep. If only it could talk about the memories from the heating stove, the clay jar of water, the plates, the sink, the table, and all the meals. Truly, the kitchen is a cherished place. When I was younger, I remember my two widowed aunts tidying up the kitchen. TheyRead MoreMethods of Qualitative of Data Collection19658 Words   |  79 Pagesmethods, however, depends on several considerations. Chapter 1 presents an introductory discussion of qualitative methodological assumptions. As the grounding for a selection of methods, we extend that discussion here, using Brantlinger’s (1997) useful summary of seven categories of crucial assumptions for qualitative inquiry. The first concerns the researcher’s views of the nature of the research: Is the inquiry technical and neutral, intending to conform to traditional research within her discipline,Read MoreMetz Film Language a Semiotics of the Cinema PDF100902 Words   |  316 Pagesstarted. CONTENTS A Note on the Translation by Bertrand Augst, ix Preface, xi A Note on Terminology, xiii I Phenomenological Approaches to Film Chapter I. On the Impression of Reality in the Cinema, 3 Chapter 2. Notes Toward a Phenomenology of the Narrative, 16 II Problems of Film Semiotics Chapter 3. Chapter 4. Chapter 5. The Cinema: Language or Language System? 31 Some Points in the Semiotics of the Cinema, 92 Problems of Denotation in the Fiction Film, 108 III Syntagmatic Analysis of the ImageRead MoreEssay on Silent Spring - Rachel Carson30092 Words   |  121 Pagesbookrags.com/studyguide-silentspring/ Copyright Information  ©2000-2007 BookRags, Inc. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. The following sections of this BookRags Premium Study Guide is offprint from Gales For Students Series: Presenting Analysis, Context, and Criticism on Commonly Studied Works: Introduction, Author Biography, Plot Summary, Characters, Themes, Style, Historical Context, Critical Overview, Criticism and Critical Essays, Media Adaptations, Topics for Further Study, Compare Contrast, What Do I ReadRead MoreEssay on Georg Lukacs, quot;the Ideology of Modernismquot;7555 Words   |  31 Pagesas a form of nineteenth-century conversatism, and for modernism as the most progressive literary style a Marxist could possibly hope for.) Their argument was that nineteenth-century realism, the premier expression of an earlier form of capitalism (from the era in which Marx himself lived and wrote), was alert to the failings of capitalism without yet having succumbed to them. Nineteenth-century realists like Balzac and Flaubert and Zola were able to pin point and analyze the crippling problems ofRead MoreMarketing Communication in the Hospitality Industry34407 Words   |  138 PagesTable of Contents 1 Introduction .......................................................................... 1 1.1 Background ................................................................................... 1 1.2 Problem Discussion....................................................................... 2 1.3 Purpose......................................................................................... 3 1.4 Delimitation ....................................................................Read MoreAccounting Information System Chapter 1137115 Words   |  549 PagesCHAPTER 1 ACCOUNTING INFORMATION SYSTEMS: AN OVERVIEW SUGGESTED ANSWERS TO DISCUSSION QUESTIONS 1.1 The value of information is the difference between the benefits realized from using that information and the costs of producing it. 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He has been a member of the Portland, Oregon, chapter of the Project Management Institute sinceRead More65 Successful Harvard Business School Application Essays 2nd Edition 147256 Words   |  190 PagesIp Anonymous Anonymous Cabin Kim 209 212 215 218 220 222 viii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The motivation to create the second edition of 65 Successful Harvard Business School Application Essays came from a recent rise in business school applications. With an abundance of qualified candidates to choose from, admissions officers can be more selective, making admission to top schools even more challenging for applicants. The Harbus, the Harvard Business School weekly student newspaper, recognizes thatRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pageslittle significance. But there is little agreement over when the twentieth century c.e. arrived, and there were several points both before the year 2000 (the collapse of the Soviet Union, the reunification of Germany, the surge of globalization from the mid-1990s) and afterward (9/11, or the global recession of 2008) when one could quite plausibly argue that a new era had begun. A compelling case can be made for viewing the decades of the global scramble for colonies after 1870 as a predictable

Facts Sean O’Grady free essay sample

Facts Sean O’Grady, a professional boxer, was managed by his father, Pat. Sean was a contender for the world featherweight title. Pat entered into a contract with Magna Verde Corporation, an LA based business, to co-promote a fight between Sean and the current world featherweight champion. The fight was scheduled to take place in Oklahoma City. To promote the fight, Pat set up a press conference. At the conference, Pat was involved in a confrontation with a sportswriter named Brooks. Issue Pat allegedly struck Brooks in the face. Brooks brought up a suit against Pat O’Grady and Magna Verde Corporation in an Oklahoma state court. Court records showed that the only contract Magna Verde had with Oklahoma were that a few of its employees had taken several trips to Oklahoma to plan the title fight. The fight was never held. Oklahoma has a long-arm statute. Magna Verde was served by mail and made a special appearance in Oklahoma state court to argue that Oklahoma does not have personal jurisdiction over it. We will write a custom essay sample on Facts Sean O’Grady or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The main argument is that does Oklahoma have jurisdiction over Magna Verde Corporation? Analysis A court is required to use long-arm jurisdiction over persons and businesses in another State when a civil wrong is committed within a State; when there is a contract in the State or a contract affects the State and when a business is transacted that allegedly cause injury to another person. â€Å"long arm jurisdiction is a statutory grant of jurisdiction to local courts over foreign (foreign meaning out-of-state) defendants. A states ability to confer jurisdiction is limited by the Constitution. This jurisdiction permits a court to hear a case against a defendant and enter a binding judgment against a defendant residing outside the states jurisdiction. That is, without a long arm statute, a states court may not have personal jurisdiction over a particular defendant. Generally, the authority of a court to exercise long arm jurisdiction must be based upon some action of the defendant which subjects him or her to the jurisdiction of the court. In the United States, some states long arm statutes refer to specific acts, for example torts or contract cases, which a court may entertain. Other states, like California, broadly grant jurisdiction on any basis not inconsistent with the Constitution of this state or the United States. The use of a long arm statute is usually constitutional where the defendant has certain minimum contacts with the forum state and there has been reasonable notice of the action against him or her. Since the 1960s, several states have enacted one of the two types of long arm statutes (a) the first type enumerates fact situations that submit an individual/corporation to the forums jurisdiction (b) the second type extends the forums jurisdiction to the extent of the constitutional limitations. Conclusion of the courts The conclusion was that the court found that Oklahoma does have jurisdiction in the case because the two parties did schedule a fight in Oklahoma even though the fight did not occur, both sides agreed to a contract as well as the incident happened during a promotion. Opinion My opinion is that Oklahoma should have jurisdiction over this case due to the fact that the event occurred in Oklahoma and that Magna Verde agreed to a contract and that they did business together. The incident between the two sides under contract should mean that long arm jurisdiction should be ruled in effect.

Jollibee Foods Essay Example For Students

Jollibee Foods Essay Jollibee Foods Corporation (A) From the brief description in the case, ascertain the underlying structure and economics of the fast food industry. The fast food industry began in California and spread throughout the world. THe major goal was to serve time-constrained customers by providing good-quality food in a clean dining environment and at a low price. Profitability depended on high customer traffic and tight operations management. Store location was critical as it involved large investments and high fixed costs. Also key were strict operations management and tight control on costs. Service also had to always be up to standard. Efficiency was key when it came to labor. In order to succeed and develop brand recognition, stores needed to franchise to expand quickly and gain economies of scale. Though franchising was necessary, it was important to keep chains consistent and reliable. On the basis of this understanding from 1 above, how was Jollibee able to build its dominant position in fast food in the Philippines? What sources of competitive advantage was it able to develop against McDonald’s in its home market? Jollibee had the first mover advantage in the Philippines market as well as a strong understanding of the Philippine consumer. Because they were able to enter the market before McDonalds and gain dominant presence they were able to set the standard that McDonalds was held to. They were also able to gain market share that McDonalds then had to take from Jollibee which is more difficult than gaining market share when you are the only fast food option. Because the founders and workers were all Philippine, they were able to tailor the menu to Philippine tastes. Jollibee burgers beat McDonalds burgers in taste tests every time. This knowledge of Philippines and Philippine culture helped Jollibee gain greater market dominance when the Philippines underwent a period of political instability when one of their leaders was assasinated. Unlike foreign investors, who were off-put by the instability, Jollibee invested heavily in Philippine enterprise and was able to use that as an advantage over McDonalds when the country became stable and McDonalds began looking to invest. How would you evaluate Tony Kitchner’s effectiveness as the first head of Jollibee’s international division? Does his broad strategic thrust make sense? How effectively did he develop the organization to implement his priorities? Tony Kitchner was not very effective as the first head of Jollibee international. Though he brought a wealth of knowledge and experience, it seemed he did not understand how to apply the best strategy to international expansion for Jollibee. The first mistake he made was to come in and create such a large new international division. This created too much friction with the domestic division. If he wanted to expand effectively he should have leveraged the knowledge and experience that the domestic division had as that was key to their competitive advantage and success. His strategy seemed to be just to expand as far and as fast as they could: planting the flag as he called it. He should have been more selective and knowledgeable about the locations which he chose to expand to, and more involved in the operations during the first year of operations for franchises in new countries. Instead of thoroughly researching the areas he chose to expand to and understanding the tastes and values of the different cultures, he targeted expatriots which proved to be an ineffective strategy. In order for Jollibee to brand themselves internationally they cannot focus solely on getting Philippinos to eat there. He should have researched how to appeal to the domestic population of the places he was expanding to. He also should have made sure that first franchises in countries were profitable before adding a larger presence in any of these countries. Kitchner wanted to expand fast to get their name out there before other fast food places could get into other countries, to gain the first mover advantage but he neglected to make sure the name was going to be associated with well-run, successful restaurants. .uef3b6843f6090fbf14efa59efe57aca2 , .uef3b6843f6090fbf14efa59efe57aca2 .postImageUrl , .uef3b6843f6090fbf14efa59efe57aca2 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uef3b6843f6090fbf14efa59efe57aca2 , .uef3b6843f6090fbf14efa59efe57aca2:hover , .uef3b6843f6090fbf14efa59efe57aca2:visited , .uef3b6843f6090fbf14efa59efe57aca2:active { border:0!important; } .uef3b6843f6090fbf14efa59efe57aca2 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uef3b6843f6090fbf14efa59efe57aca2 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uef3b6843f6090fbf14efa59efe57aca2:active , .uef3b6843f6090fbf14efa59efe57aca2:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uef3b6843f6090fbf14efa59efe57aca2 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uef3b6843f6090fbf14efa59efe57aca2 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uef3b6843f6090fbf14efa59efe57aca2 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uef3b6843f6090fbf14efa59efe57aca2 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uef3b6843f6090fbf14efa59efe57aca2:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uef3b6843f6090fbf14efa59efe57aca2 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uef3b6843f6090fbf14efa59efe57aca2 .uef3b6843f6090fbf14efa59efe57aca2-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uef3b6843f6090fbf14efa59efe57aca2:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Stuck In The Middle EssayThis is not a good strategy for such a small company. Although his strategy was misguided, he did deftly develop the international division to implement his priorities. He was able to provide enough corporate support to the franchises to allow them to open and operate effectively and quickly. Though this harmed his relationship with domestic, the international division was well-equiped to carry out his goals. As Noli Tingzon, how would you deal with the three options described at the end of the case? How would you implement your decision? OPTION 1: Invest in Papua New Guinea I think he should invest in Papua New Guinea. Though the population is small compared to the Philippines (5mil compared to 75 mil), there is currently no viable competition in the fast food industry. They also have an enthusiastic and willing investor who is willing to put up the capital for the stores, which removes a lot of risk for Jollibee. OPTION 2: Expand in Hong Kong Tingzon should not expand further in Hong Kong. The stores that are currently there are struggling to adapt to the Chinese market and the original store seems to be the center of Phillipine expat traffic. In order to expand in Hong Kong, Tingzon should first get the stores that are currently operating in China back on track. Some of their biggest problems are their lack of ability to attract Chinese workers, and their inability to appeal to Chinese tastes. These are fundamental problems that will not be fixed by adding more stores and gaining more brand recognition. These are core problems that will continue to be problems in new stores. Figuring out how to solve these problems for the existing stores should be his focus for now. OPTION 3: Invest in California Tingzon should invest in California. They have a 40% investor lined up already and one of the largest Phillipine expat populations yet. It has been proven in prior expansion that at least the first store opened in an area with a high population of Phillipines would be successful and it is appealing that there is not a high concentration of fast-food places in the area. Tingzon should be careful however that the stores do not become a pride symbol of putting stores in McDonalds backyard. Having too much pride associated with the stores will cause the company to lose site of its objectives.

Moving forcasting model Essays (933 words) - Time Series Analysis

Moving forcasting model Moving forcasting model Forecasting Models and Types of Data How can trendless data be evaluated? Trendless data can be evaluated by calculating a moving average; this can also be referred to as exponential smoothing. There are two main types of moving averages: trailing or centered (Cooper How does a trailing-moving average compare to a centered-moving average? Trailing moving average (TMA) is considered to be the simplest of the moving averages. TMA calculates the moving average over the last m periods. The TMA smoothes the past fluctuations in the time-series, helping us see the pattern more clearly. The choice of m depends on the situation (Cooper The larger m would yield a smoother TMA but would require more data than a smaller m. TMA is best regarded as a one-period-ahead forecast (Cooper With centered moving average (CMA), the formula looks both forward and backward in time, to express the current forecast as the mean of the current observation and observations on either side of the current data (Cooper When n is an odd number it makes CMA easy to calculate, however when m is even the formula calculation becomes more complex. The similarity is that both are used to smooth the data. A difference is that TMA is looking at forward time to calculate the average and C MA looks backwards and forwards. When should exponential smoothing be used for data? Explain with an example. When the data is irregular meaning it is lacking T or S or C components, exponential smoothing is used to make a short run forecast. The exponential smoothing model is a special kind of moving average. It is used for ongoing one-period-ahead forecasting for data that has up-and-down movements but no consistent trend (Cooper This is a simple forecasting model with two inputs and one constant. In exponential smoothing, what type of smoothing constant should be chosen for little smoothing compared with moderate smoothing? The value of , called the smoothing constant, is the weight given to the latest data (Cooper MINITAB uses a=.20 for the default in the case of moderate smoothing. Therefore if a=.50 it would be a case for little smoothing. If a=.20 moderate smoothing would be the case. Research Process What are the six stages in a research process? Clarifying the research question- A useful way to approach the research process is to state the basic dilemma that prompts the research and then try to develop other questions by progressively breaking down the original question into more specific ones (Cooper & Schindler 2011 p.81). Proposing research- Without budgetary approval, many research efforts are terminated for lack of resources (Cooper & Schindler 2011 p.85). Designing the research project- The research design is the blueprint for fulfilling objectives and answering questions. Selecting a design may be complicated by the availability of a large variety of methods, techniques, procedures, protocols, and sampling plans (Cooper & Schindler 2011 p.88). Data collection and preparation- The gathering of data may range from a simple observation at one location to a grandiose survey of multinational corporations at sites in different parts of the world. The method selected will largely determine how the data are collected (Cooper & Schindler 2011 p.90). Data analysis and interpretation- Managers need information, not raw data. Researchers generate information by analyzing data after its collection (Cooper & Schindler 2011 p.90). Reporting the results- It is necessary to prepare a report and transmit the findings and recommendations to the manager for the intended purpose of decision making (Cooper & Schindler 2011 p.91). Which stage is the most difficult to complete? Why? Which stage is the most important? Why? After reading the text about the research process, I personally feel that stage 3, designing the research project is the most difficult of the 6 stages. This is because there are so many decisions to be made during this step. Not to mention that this is the main planning stage of the project. Selecting a design may be complicated by the availability of a large variety of methods, techniques, procedures, protocols, and sampling plans (Cooper & Schindler 2011 p. 88).

Stephen F. Austin, Founding Father of Texan Independence

Stephen F. Austin, Founding Father of Texan Independence Stephen F. Austin (November 3, 1793–December 27, 1836) was a lawyer, settler, and administrator who played a key role in the secession of Texas from Mexico. He brought hundreds of U.S. families into Texas on behalf of the Mexican government, which wished to populate the isolated northern state. Fast Facts: Stephen F. Austin Known For: Key role in the U.S. colonization of Texas and its succession from MexicoBorn: November 3, 1793 in VirginiaParents: Moses Austin and Mary Brown AustinDied: December 27, 1836 in Austin TexasEducation: Bacon Academy, Transylvania UniversitySpouse: NoneChildren: None At first, Austin was a diligent agent for Mexico, but later he became a fierce fighter for Texas independence and is today remembered in Texas as one of the most important founding fathers of the state. Early  Life Stephen Fuller Austin was born in Virginia on November 3, 1793, the third child and first of two sons of Moses Austin and Mary Brown. Moses was a businessman and lead mine owner, and he began his working life in Philadelphia, where he met in 1784 and married Mary Brown, known as Maria. Moses ran a mercantile business in Richmond, Virginia with his brother Stephen. Moses and Marys first daughter Anna Maria was born and died in Richmond in 1787. In 1788, Moses and Stephen and their families moved to Wythe County, Virginia to own and operate a lead mine. In a settlement which would become known as Austinville, Moses and Mary had Eliza (1790–1790), Stephen (1793–1836), and Emily (1795–1851). In 1796, Moses Austin traveled to the Spanish colony of St. Louis on the Mississippi River now in eastern Missouri, where he finagled permission from the commandant to search for a new lead mine near Ste. Genevieve. He moved his family to Ste. Genevieve in 1798, where the last Austin sibling, James Elijah Brown, was born (1803–1829). Education In 1804, Stephen, age 11, was sent off by himself to Connecticut, where relatives found him a good school to attend: the Bacon Academy in Colchester, where he studied English grammar and writing, logic, rhetoric, geometry, geography, and a little Latin and Greek. He graduated in 1807 and was then sent to Transylvania University in Lexington, Kentucky, where he studied math, geography, and astronomy. He then in 1810 with a certificate. Stephen arrived back in Ste. Genevieve in 1810, where his father put him in a prominent role in the mercantile business. For the next several years, Stephen Austins informal education included time spent in New Orleans with a shipment of lead during the War of 1812, as a militiaman harassing Native Americans in what is today central Illinois, and taking over the lead mine when his father grew too ill to continue. In New Orleans, he contracted malaria, which he never fully recovered from. And, in 1815, Stephen Austin ran for a seat in what was now the Missouri territorial legislature, taking his position in the lower House in December. Moses Austin eventually lost his fortune in lead mining and traveled westward to Texas, where the elder Austin fell in love with the ruggedly beautiful lands of Texas and secured permission from Spanish authorities- Mexico was not yet independent- to bring a group of settlers there. Moses fell ill and died in 1821: His final wish was that Stephen complete his settlement project. Settlement of Texas Stephen Austin’s planned settlement of Texas hit many snags between 1821 and 1830, not the least of which was the fact that Mexico achieved independence in 1821, meaning he had to re-negotiate his father’s grant. Emperor Iturbide of Mexico came and went, leading to further confusion. Attacks by Native American tribes such as the Comanche were a constant problem, and Austin very nearly went broke meeting his obligations. Still, he persevered, and by 1830 he was in charge of a thriving colony of settlers, nearly all of whom had accepted Mexican citizenship and converted to Roman Catholicism. Although Austin remained staunchly pro-Mexican, Texas itself was becoming more and more American in nature. By 1830 or so, mostly Anglo-American settlers outnumbered Mexicans in the Texas territory by almost 10 to 1. The rich land drew not only legitimate settlers, such as those in Austin’s colony, but also squatters and other unauthorized settlers who simply moved in, selected some land, and set up a homestead. Austin’s colony was the most important settlement, however, and the families there had begun raising cotton, mules, and other goods for export, much of which went through New Orleans. These differences and others convinced many that Texas should leave Mexico and become part of the U.S. or independent. The Trip to Mexico City In 1833 Austin went to Mexico City to clear up some business with the Mexican Federal government. He was bringing new demands from the Texas settlers, including separation from Coahuila (Texas and Coahuila were one state at the time) and reduced taxes. Meanwhile, he sent letters home hoping to placate those Texans who favored outright separation from Mexico. Some of Austin’s letters home, including some telling Texans to go ahead and begin to declare statehood before the approval of the federal government, made their way to officials in Mexico City. While returning to Texas, Austin was arrested, brought back to Mexico City, and thrown into jail. Austin was in jail in Mexico City for a year and a half: he was never tried or even formally charged with anything. It is perhaps ironic that the Mexicans jailed one Texan who was at least initially inclined to keep Texas part of Mexico. As it was, Austin’s jailing probably sealed Texas’ fate. Released in August of 1835, Austin returned to Texas a changed man. His loyalty to Mexico had been ground out of him in prison, and he realized now that Mexico would never grant the rights his people desired. Also, by the time he returned in late 1835, it was clear that Texas was on a path destined for conflict with Mexico and that it was too late for a peaceful solution. When push came to shove, Austin would choose Texas over Mexico. The Texas Revolution Not long after Austins return, Texas rebels fired on Mexican soldiers in the town of Gonzales: the Battle of Gonzales, as it came to be known, marked the beginning of the military phase of the Texas Revolution. Not long after, Austin was named commander of all Texan military forces. Along with Jim Bowie and James Fannin, he marched on San Antonio, where Bowie and Fannin won the Battle of Concepcià ³n. Austin returned to the town of San Felipe, where delegates from all over Texas were meeting to determine its fate. At the convention, Austin was replaced as military commander by Sam Houston. Even Austin, whose health was still frail after 1812 bout with malaria, was in favor of the change: His brief stint as General had proven decisively that he was no military man. Instead, he was given a job much better suited to his abilities. He would be the Texas envoy to the United States, where he would seek official recognition if Texas declared independence, purchase and send weapons, encourage volunteers to take up arms and head to Texas, and see to other important tasks. Return to Texas Austin made his way to Washington, stopping along the way at key cities such as New Orleans and Memphis, where he gave speeches, encouraged volunteers to go to Texas, secured loans (usually to be repaid in Texas land after independence), and met with officials. He was a big hit and always drew a large crowd. Texas effectively gained independence on April 21, 1836, at the Battle of San Jacinto,  and Austin returned not long after. Death He lost the election to be the first president of the Republic of Texas to Sam Houston, who appointed him Secretary of State. Austin fell ill of pneumonia and died on December 27, 1836. Legacy Austin was a hardworking, honorable man caught up in times of sweeping change and chaos. He was a skillful colony administrator, a canny diplomat, and a diligent lawyer. The only thing he tried that he did not excel at was war. After leading the Texas army to San Antonio, he quickly and happily turned command over to Sam Houston, who was much more suited to the job. Austin was only 43 when he died: the young Republic of Texas could have used his guidance in the years of war and uncertainty that followed its independence. It is a little misleading that Austins name is usually associated with the Texas Revolution. Up until 1835, Austin was the leading proponent of working things out with Mexico, and at that time his was the most influential voice in Texas. Austin remained loyal to Mexico long after most men in Texas were rebelling. Only after a year and a half in jail and a first-hand look at the anarchy in Mexico City did he decide that Texas must set out on its own. Once he made the decision, he threw himself wholeheartedly into revolution. The people of Texas consider Austin one of their greatest heroes. The city of Austin is named after him, as are countless streets, parks, and schools, including Austin College and Stephen F. Austin State University. Sources: Brands, H.W. Lone Star Nation: The Epic Story of the Battle for Texas Independence.New York: Anchor Books, 2004.Cantrell, Gregg. Stephen F. Austin: Empresario of Texas. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press, 1999.Henderson, Timothy J. A Glorious Defeat: Mexico and its War with the United StatesNew York: Hill and Wang, 2007.

Freedom in Huck Finn Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Freedom in Huck Finn - Essay Example Huck has his daily freedoms denied to him by the well meaning but suffocating Mrs. Watson. Huckleberry Finn, the young hero and narrator behind the book, feels like a prisoner in Mrs. Watson's house with her insistence that he conform to the expectations of society. These social expectations according to Mark Twain, is what takes away our freedom and joy in life. Huckleberry Finn Huck is also the prisoner of an alcoholic father who beats him and curses everyone, "Then the old man got to cussing and cussed everything and everybody he could think of, and then cussed them all over again to make sure he hadn't skipped any" (Ch 6) In other words, by virtue of being white, Huck's father who was a rotten drunk was free to do and say whatever he liked. (In sharp contrast to Jim the slave.) To escape the paradox Huck would seek refuge in nature and Tom's company, "Then I slipped down to the ground and crawled in among the trees, and, sure enough, there was Tom Sawyer waiting for me." (4) To Huck, Tom Sawyer is a symbol of freedom and adventure. He enjoys the time they spent freely expressing themselves. By contrast Jim, who is the first of a long line of runaway slaves, became a runaway to avoid being sold by his mistress to new owners in New Orleans.

Two-Variable Inequality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Two-Variable Inequality - Essay Example Write an inequality that limits the possible number of maple rockers of each type that can be made, and graph the inequality in the first quadrant. (2). One classic maple rocking chair requires 15 board feet and this will be designated as (15 cmr) and since one modern maple rocking chair requires 12 board feet this requirement will be designated as follows (12 mmr). The totally available board feet of maple lumber is 3000 feet, therefore, an equation showing the total combination of classic maple rocking chairs and modern maple rocking chairs that could possibly be made out of this amount of materials is represented as shown in the following equation: (3). Finding intercepts of the two variables on x axis (dependent variable) and y axis (independent variable) where either of them is zero, requires substitution of either of the variables with a zero value so as to obtain the maximum possible value of the other variable. The obtained intercepts can then provide end points on the line that will help draw a line that will map out the area of possibility. The inequality line in this case will be a straight, downward sloping solid line portraying a negative gradient, and the lines slopes from left to right because the inequality is a â€Å"less than or equal to† equation (Boyd et al., 1994). The region satisfying the equation falls within the first quadrant and is restricted to the left region of the line and the x and y axes (Boyd et al., 1994). This point (75, 50) falls within the shaded region and it is a point at which the company can satisfy an order of 75 classic maple rocking chairs and 50 modern maple rocking chairs. If the company made 75 classic maple rocking chairs and 50 modern maple rocking chairs the amount of material used would have been: The point (150, 75) falls outside the equation satisfaction region and it is a point at which the company may be unable to produce the designated number of products required at this point.

Labour Market Policy Write a continuous essay to answer one of the 5

Labour Market Policy Write a continuous to answer one of the 5 questions - Essay Example Estimates given shows that unemployment levels mostly stayed below the 5 percent level with coming down to nearly 1 percent during 1950. However, the level of unemployment started to rise gradually during the period of 1970 reaching to 8.5 percent during 1991. This reflects a meteoric rise in the nature of unemployment in Britain in regards to other economies of Europe. Estimates reveal that unemployment in Britain rose by 31 percent unlike a rise of only 4 percent in France during the early period of 1990. (McLaughlin, 1992, pp. 1-2) As a solution measure, the right approach to labor policy needs to be determined. It is observed that the nature of unemployment varies along different countries around the world depending on various factors. Factors, which are mainly observed to contribute to the unemployment growth after the 1970 period, can be listed as the different set of ideologies regarding management of wage structure, the pattern of labor elasticity and labor potential of different countries. Differences in the degree of labor potential in the different countries owe its occurrence due to the promotion of open-market economy. Promotion of the open-market economy led to the use of use of exchange rates to different regions of the market. This is taken to be a potential reason for the differences in labor potential in different market economies around the world. The above fact can also be demonstrated in respect of the traded goods area of the German Republic. It is found that the growth in production in the traded goods section of the German economy surpasses the productivity growth in li ke sector in Britain. The above fact owes its effects from two reasons. The first reason that can be attributed to the above cause is the rise in wages in the traded sector in Germany in comparison with no such wage rise in Britain’s traded goods sector.

Analysing Risk Management In Holiday And Hospitality Industries Tourism Essay

Analysing Risk Management In Holiday And Hospitality Industries Tourism Essay Loyalty of guests and tourists is created only by strong relationships where the guest feels special and important. Generally, people go to a hotel or plan for a trip on an emotional feeling. The feeling should be good, risk free, safe, and effective and even to increase their confidence. Almost all guests go to a hotel for the same reason. If the hotel gives them a homely feeling then they will come over there again and again. But, if the hotel is not making them feel important or special, they will buy it somewhere else. The loyalty of customers is totally dependent upon how safe they feel at hotel. They should feel important and special. They should get proper attention by the hotel they dealing with. The hotel should believe that the guests coming to the hotel are an important part of servicing customer needs. In order to make a loyal guest, we need to go ahead of their expectations from the hotel. The WTO (World Tourism Organization) had conducted a research on tourism all across the world. They have provided some of the critical and interesting facts on the contribution of Tourism and Hospitality Industry to the whole world. The Average Annual Increase is 4.0 %. But his sector is also facing a number of risks and we are trying to manage those risks! The main aim of the risk management process is to increase the prospects and opportunities and decrease the consequences of a risk event. During the whole process, there are common conventional stressors, but our reaction to those stressors differs from person to person as we are all unique persons. The anxiety and confusion that come from not knowing what lies ahead can create stress. People used to utilize basic defenses when high degree of uncertainty arises. In this state of vagueness, generally people easily way out to disbelieve, removal and self-defense. Individuals are told that the ways used in old days are no longer functioning and often this note becomes modified that they are not appreciated. We need to work hard to manage any kind of risk successfully. When everything is planned carefully, the proper foundation is being built, launching a product becomes much easier, and we can improve the chances of success. If we are too impatient, and if we expect too many results too soon, our plans for change are more likely to fail. It is therefore of critical importance that the present tourism systems should be considerably made stronger to give comfort to the tourists from all across the world. www.gov.ab.ca/edt/tda/abstats.htm B.C. Visitor Study Highlights; Tourism British Columbia. Today the Hospitality and Tourist Industry is facing the following type of risks: Safety Risks Technology Risk Political Risk Business Risks Financial Risks Following is the process of Risk Management: The big Picture; 1997-98; Vol. 41, Travel Industry World Yearbook. METHODOLOGY Online research data has been taken from different web sites, articles, and theoretical studies from different books. We have used the methodology of collecting information from both the sources. And these sources include personal interaction with experts which is the primary source of information and information collected from websites is the secondary one. LIMITATIONS Following are some of the limitations which the Hospitality Tourist Industry is facing: Incorporation of appropriate planning and implementation process. There should always be a planned and prepared safety measures for the tourists. Consideration of core principles and limits of suitable change recognition and protection of major assets including both cultural and natural, while authorized access to hospitality and tourism. There should always be a control of tourists/tourism that is completely different each year/season. There should be a clear specific definition of education and limits to both tourists and locals. Ministry of Small Business, Tourism and Culture, Tourism Highlights 1992; by Industry Research BODY OF REPORT Tourism Hospitality Industry is facing followings types of risks: While planning g a trip for a hilly area, conditions at site may go beyond control. Entrepreneur/management/tourist industry Lack of understanding between Contractor and owner. Generally, frequent changes in designs/planning/execution instructions etc lead to misunderstandings. Economical and financial risk- Unavailability of funds, Inflation, Change in orders etc. Environnemental conditions, natural restraints and contraints, RÃ ©habilitation. X factor Natural calamities such as, Earthquake, Flood, Fire, Cyclone, Unknown factor. International or local market conditions. Political risks- Changes in rules and regulations, War or political uncertainty. In order to meet with the above risks, following services should be provided by the tourism industry for their tourists: The tourism industry should make the trip THE BEST and THE SAFEST by providing different kinds of advanced life-enhancing amenities and should also provide vital support to the tourists. They always need to keep coming up with new products that are specially developed for older age and physically challenged people, and which will be quite helpful in their trip. Provide advice and information through their help lines, publications and online at all times. Fund pioneering research into all aspects of trips. Join forces that will ensure more of their funds go where theyre needed. The main aim of developing customer service standards is to continuously change and make periodical updating desirable. For this reason the company offers a feedback form in electronic format. To perform the task of updating, it would welcome getting relevant feedbacks and requests from guests to further improve the service. www.tourism.gov.au/publications. Whenever a guest coming to the hotel he/she will be asked to fill up the following table: Activities Service levels Actions How do you find the environment? Friendly or Boring What changes guest wants? Do you think u get proper attention from the hotel staffs? Yes or No Where is the gap? What you liked and what you would you like to change about the following: Services, Spectrum of facilities available What kind of change you want? Any references? Yes or No Name of the references In the hotel, the following form is used for recording informal comments by guests. The following feedback form should be received by the respective hotel staffs. Guest Feedback Form Date: __________________________________________________ Guests name: ________________________________________ Room No: ____________________________________ Phone: ________________ Email: ___________________________ Rate the following factors on a scale of 1 to 5 (5 being the best) The hotel has provided clear information about what kind of services are available. 1 2 3 4 5 Before the start of service, goals and expectations were jointly identified. 1 2 3 4 5 The hotel staff has conducted a needs assessment to identify your specific needs for happy and safe stay 1 2 3 4 5 The hotel staff was able to support all your needs at the hotel 1 2 3 4 5 The hotel staff provided you with sample list of facilities prior to stay. 1 2 3 4 5 The hotel staff keeps you aware of any changes in availability of the rooms. 1 2 3 4 5 The hotel staff provides feedback every activity. 1 2 3 4 5 The hotel staff provides recommendations about future stay. 1 2 3 4 5 Following strategies should be implemented: The main aim the strategy should be to ensure guests feel safe, supported and have access to appropriate services. To achieve this, they are keen to explore ideas for working in partnership across government as well as with business and the community. The law in Australia is developing a whole-of-government loom for the way they support tourism into the future. The strategy is going to identify priority areas for action with an emphasis on making positive changes in tourism industry. Social isolation is one of the main reasons behind severe health problems. Basically, the meaning of social isolation is a small interaction of people with others mixed with the feeling and experience of loneliness. It has become a serious problem for people who are into this situation because it is giving a very adverse impact on health and wellbeing of people. Even though the most of the people are not isolated socially, the number of individuals at risk of societal separation is expected to rise with the ageing of the people. And these kinds of individuals are either retired, physically handicapped and suffering from ill health or death of a partner. So, in order to help this particular section of population, Tourism and Hospitality Industry is taking a number of different measures (as motioned below). The Vancouver Sun; June 1998, Tourism Tops in Job Creation Study. Improving conditions: In order to improve the condition of the Tourism, the governenmnet of Australia is coming up with the following services: Rates of the hotels should be decreased and should provide proper services. The hotels should always be kept clean and hygienic. To keep the place clean and hygienic there should be a well managed house keeping department. As we know that the success any organization is totally dependent upon the employees of the organization. If the employees are getting their job satisfaction then only they give their 100% to the organization. So, If the emplyees of the hotels are not satisfied with their salary, then they should be paid competitively. So the salaries should be competitive (In comparison to other organizations). Hence, agency should always do Salary survey, to settle this grievance of the Employees. Employees nature of the job should be demanding and challenging at every stage but not so complex that it comes out completely impossible. It should not be boring, hence, set challenging goals for the employees of the hotels. Upward/Downward flow of communication should always be ensured. Management of the agency should be highly effective. All the employees of the hotels should feel the sense of belongingness with the kind of work they do. Doctors (In case of emergency during the trip) should always play the role of counselors and mentors in the hotel industry. At all times, the hotels should identify the need of the Employees as well of the diseased people and should decide the motivation strategy. If the social work agencies are facing difficulties in reaching the place, then the government should also provide transportation to them. In order to promote its marketing plan, the hotels should arrange a presentation to make the people aware of the changes to be implemented and has planned to establish a regular schedule of meeting with the partners. One of the hotels in Australia has described its promotional strategy in the following chart: Ability to meet challenges Hospitality Tourism is one of the most vibrant international industry hubs. The industry always enhances its service abilities to meet continuously changing demands of market and particular requirements of the customers. Currently, there are many stimulating growths have taken place in this industry. Their ruthless expansion is in complete move. Tourism British Columbia.B.C, Visitor Study, The Report on Visitors to B.C. Rockies tourism Region 1998. CONCLUSION Based on the reputation of royal chain of hotels one can say that there will not be any compromise to the royal and luxurious services of the hotel. This royal chain of hotels has been known to generate maximum revenue in Hotel business; it has some of the best marketing minds and would definitely come up with plans to attract maximum guests. Going on the reputation of the management it is pretty sure it would sort out all the issues which are there in design, planning of the hotel. Hospitality and Tourism Industry has great prospects and is good for any kind of investment. RECOMMENDATIONS (Adction Plan) Their vision should see a world in which people flourish. Their mission should be to give the best service to the people. They should make a real difference to the stay of people. They should create one united team that will be stronger and more influential than ever before. They should develop excellent and sustainable services that enhance peoples stay. They should deliver transformational and sustainable change through their research, policy and influencing. They should always provide definitive services tailored specifically for people staying there. They should maximize their reach through proper advertisement. They should create a powerful and a compelling sector. They should create an effective partnership with their national and regional networks. The building layout should be arranged in such a manner that it will suit each and every kinds of guests. Major part of labor force will be replaced by technology. It will be more profit oriented. The hospitality industry should provide some sort of corporate discounts. The hotels must revisit the rates plan for the rooms and suites in comparison to other hotels in the city. It would be more effective and revenue earning if the distribution would be in decreasing order where the rates are in increasing order. The Tourism Industry should ensure that guides of the tourists prior to commencement of new assignments have received adequate training and information enabling them to understand the hazards of work and to protect their health from hazardous ambient factors that may be present. The training must adequately cover: a) Knowledge of equipment, materials, and tools; b) Known hazards in the operations and how they can be controlled; c) Potential risks to health; d) Precautions to prevent exposure; e) Hygiene requirements; f) Use of protective clothing and transport and; g) Appropriate response to operation extremes, incidents and accidents.

The Choice to Marry :: Essays Papers

The Choice to Marry John Stuart Mill, an ardent and foundational liberal theorist, aims for apparently thorough women’s liberation through freedom and equality. To the extent that he succeeds and fails, it is largely because of his liberal understanding of humans as partially constituted by their social situation and yet partially autonomous sources of reason. Mill, following Wollstonecraft, argues that women have been systematically undereducated and neglected by society, thus channeled into a marginalized status. This condition is then used as evidence of the inferiority of women in justification and reinforcement of the very structures that constitute women (Mill 23). For this problem, Mill offers a solution of institutional change that alters the mindsets of individuals in society, and structurally transforms the laws and norms that marginalize women. Mill’s basic goal is for women to gain formal equality, from which substance will follow. He also calls for liberty, partly as an extension of equality and partly as ability for a woman to define and determine herself (in ways, he later clarifies, that â€Å"mankind be †¦ better off† (Mill 85)). Therefore, just as men, with whom women ought to be made equal, can decide what career they would pursue, so too should women be allowed to select if they become a chemist, shopkeeper, or wife. However, in the case that a woman chooses to be married, she should take on domestic duties, as he suggests this is what it means to become married. She may still keep whatever extraneous pursuits she chooses, so long as they do not conflict with her domestic duties. In this step, Mill retreats from â€Å"profession† as an entirely determined term, to one with some allowance for variations on the theme, wherein â€Å"freely chosen† side activities can be added to the married woman’s role. For Okin, Mill’s premise of liberal feminism may be acceptable, but his neglect for the economic and daily realities of domestic duties discredits his conclusions. Economically, Okin accepts Mill’s advocacy of independent property for husband and wife, but complains that this formal equality of parallel property entitlements forgets that women in domestic roles will not create the property men do, because their work is unpaid (Okin 228-299). Mill’s â€Å"assumption of the immutability of the family structure† (Okin 228) also reinforces the conditions which initially gave rise to women’s distortion into the beings who men consider inferior and more simply forces upon women the drudgery of homemaking.

Strategic Legal and Social Issues

The Board of Directors of a corporation are vested with the authority to exercise corporate powers, conduct all business and control and hold all properties of the corporation. The supreme authority insofar as the management of the business regular and ordinary affairs of the corporation is vested with the Board of Directors. With great power however comes great responsibility. Directors act as fiduciaries to the corporation, and once elected they must serve the best interests of the corporation and the shareholders. This fiduciary duty arises out of the board’s fiduciary relationship with the corporation and shareholders. (Saboor H. Abduljaami p2) The following are the three-fold duties of a director: duty of obedience; duty of diligence and duty of loyalty. Duty of Obedience The duty of obedience mandates that every director of the corporation must do and perform only those acts designed to achieve its mission. The mission and goals of the corporation are indicated in the articles of incorporation. Thus, the director must constantly check whether his action is within the scope of his authority and in pursuance of the goals of the company as indicated in its articles of incorporation. (â€Å"Role Playing: When do Board Members Step Over the Line†p2) Further, obedience does not only mean compliance with the rules of the corporation but it also means informing the corporation of any act done in violation of the rules of the corporation. This means that every director is mandated to refrain from violating the internal rules of the corporation. As directors they are also required to inform the corporation of any wrongdoing committed by one director that seriously prejudices the interest of the corporation. Thus, a director who willfully and knowingly votes or assents to patently unlawful acts of another director renders him jointly and severally liable for any damage resulting to the corporation. Duty of Diligence The rule is that every director of the corporation is required to manage the corporate affairs and perform his functions with reasonable care and prudence. As an officer of the corporation, the responsibility of the director towards the corporation is not limited to willful breach of trust or excess of power but extends to negligence. This means that even if there was no unlawful intent or evil motive in performing a corporate act, he can still be held liable if it can be established that he acted negligently. This liability of a director for his negligent acts rests upon common law rule which renders the agent liable who violates his authority or neglects his duty to the damage of the principal. It must be stressed however that the degree of diligence required of a director is relative. The standard of diligence is that which an ordinary prudent director could reasonable be expected to exercise in a like position under similar circumstances. The directors are also bound to observe the limits placed upon their powers in accordance with the Articles of Incorporation or charter, and if they transcend such limit and cause such damage, they incur liability. (Ruben Ladia, p. 164) Thus, if a director willfully performs an act which he knows or ought to know to be unauthorized and beyond the scope of his authority, he is clearly liable for any injury. It is however essential to state that though directors are liable for their negligence which has caused serious prejudice to the corporation, they are not liable for losses due to the imprudence or honest error of judgment. This is the concept of business judgment rule which is a defense on the part of the director to escape any liability for his actions. In principle, this states that questions of policy and management are left solely to the honest decision of the board of directors and the courts are without authority to substitute its judgment as against the director. It is said that â€Å"business judgment rule is purely a case law derived concept whereby a court will not review the management decisions of a corporation’s board of directors absent some sort of showing that the board of directors violated their duty of care or loyalty. † (Jon Canfield 1) It must be stressed that directors are not insurers of the property of the corporation or guarantors of the success of the corporation. So long as the director exercised reasonable diligence in the performance of its function the courts will not interfere and render it liable for negligence. Duty of Loyalty It is a general knowledge that there exists a fiduciary relationship between the directors of the corporation and the corporation and its stockholders. As fiduciaries, they are expected to act with utmost candor and fair dealing for the interest of the corporation and without taint of selfish motives. Thus, the directors are not only required to act with reasonable diligence in managing the affairs of the corporation, they are also expected to act with utmost good faith. Thus, the directors of the corporation are expected to first serve the interest of the corporation and their interest later. They are enjoined not to manipulate the affairs of the corporation to the detriment and disregard of the standards of morality and decency. As corporate insiders, the director cannot utilize any inside information they have acquired for their own benefit. He cannot violate the requirements of fair play by doing indirectly what he cannot do directly. Further as directors of the corporation they are not allowed to obtain any personal profit, commissions, bonus or gain for their official actions. Lastly, a director is prohibited from seizing any business opportunity or developing it at the expense and with the facilities of the corporation. Thus, the duty of loyalty requires a fiduciary to act in the best interests of the corporation and in good faith. (Jiangyu Zhu 2) Thus, as corporate officers an undivided loyalty is expected of every director. This fiduciary relationship between the director and the corporation imposes a strict duty to act in accordance with the highest standard which a man of the finest honor and reputation might impose upon himself. It must be stressed that the duty to act with utmost good faith is imposed upon all the directors. The law imposes upon the director liability for violating this duty of loyalty regardless whether the director actually received profit from his undisclosed transaction. This was affirmed in the case of Item Software v. Fassihi. Case of Item Software v. Fassihi. Facts: Item Software entered into transaction with another company. Item Software has a managing director and a marketing director. It specifically provided in its contract with the marketing director that it cannot take advantage of any confidential information it has learned while employed with Item Software. It appears that while Item Software and the other company were engaged in negotiations, its marketing director had been visiting the other company informing it of his intention to form a new company and his intent to transact directly with the other company. The contract between the two companies did not materialize. Item Software later found out about the actuations of its marketing director. He was eventually summarily dismissed from employment and sued by his own company. Issue: whether the respondent should be held liable by the corporation for its act of disloyalty even if it did not profit from its misconduct. Held: It is immaterial whether the director profited from his misconduct. The sole factor to be determined here is that the director committed a breach of its duty when it failed to disclose its transactions with the other company. The duties of a director imposed by law are generally higher than those imposed on an employee because he is more than simply a general manager of the company, he is a fiduciary who, with his fellow directors, is responsible for the success of the company’s business. Section 317 of the Companies Act of 1985 states that: â€Å"it is the duty of the director of a company, who is in any way, whether directly or indirectly, interested in a contract or proposed contract with the company to declare the nature of his interest at a meeting of the directors of the company. † (Section 317 Companies Act of 1985) Thus, the marketing director was in breach of his duties both as an employee and as a director and the Item Software was entitled to recover from him damages for breach of that duty suffered as a result of the termination of the contract.   

The tiananmen square essays

The tiananmen square essays Fourteen years ago to this day a tragic event took place in China, especially for the people that had invested so much time trying to gain more freedom. The Tiananmen Square Massacre was a smack in the face for the pro democratic nationalists in China. Months of progress through demonstrating came to a halt during the night of June 3rd, 1989 as two hundred eighty thousand troops entered the square and proceeded to kill an estimated two to seven thousand Chinese nationalists and injure over twenty thousand others. It was almost a revolution. [1] The Tiananmen Square protests may have at the time seemed like a huge waste to the defeated young demonstrators but many changes to the rights and freedoms of the Chinese people have occurred and are a direct result of the events that took place in Tiananmen Square. These changes are not enough for those that have suffered from the events. Many of the families and people that were injured or negatively affected seek criminal justificati on for these crimes. Until the Chinese government can look back upon its past and punish those who were responsible it cannot move on toward the future. Through the use of inhumane rights abuse and propaganda the government has made an attempt to silence the intellectuals that are trying to inform Chinas people of what must be done. What was the government like before the late 80s protests? Why did the event take place? What has changed since the incident? Has the government given its people the rights they deserve? What must be done to forget the past and move forward into the future? In the late 1970s and early 80s Deng Xiaoping brought forward ideas of capitalist reform, which were celebrated throughout China. He was distinguished as a great visionary and reformer. In 1985 Deng was named man of the year by both Time magazine and the National Review. Deng oversaw a stream of market reforms that op...

Free Essays on Like Mother, Like Daughter

Like mother, like daughter When I was a little girl, my mother said I never liked to leave her side. Whenever she tried to leave, I held on to her leg and would not let go. People would comment that I looked just like her, which I took as a compliment. I admire my mom and I think she is a great role model. As the years go by, I see myself following my mother’s footsteps with what she did in life. From the interests and activities she did, to what she persued as a career, I am going to be like her. One afternoon I met with my cousin, Jhawn, and I asked him to describe me. First thing he mentioned was that I have my mother’s features. He said that my mother and I have the same smile and he once mistook me for my mom when I laughed. Our other family members said that my upper face shows a resemblence to my mom because we have the same eyes. My mom said that I have the body shape she had, for example, she was built with wider hips which I got from her. When my mom was younger, she was thin and active in sports just like I used to be. One day my mom and I went to the fabric store, picked out a few materials, and made a unique curtain for the living room. We often do little projects together like decorating the rooms or creating our own Christmas decorations. When it came to style, my cousin said I was about seven years old when I showed an interest in fashion by wearing her coat and shoes. Now that I am older, my mom and I have the same taste in clothes and often share purses. Sometimes when we go shopping together, my mom chooses my clothes because she has good taste. My mom and I both like to shop for my father and brother because they do not have the taste in style like us. Traveling is an activity I love to do. You can say that I got this from my mom also because when my brother and I were younger, our parents traveled a lot bringing us to different places. My most memorable traveling experience was going to the Philippines... Free Essays on Like Mother, Like Daughter Free Essays on Like Mother, Like Daughter Like mother, like daughter When I was a little girl, my mother said I never liked to leave her side. Whenever she tried to leave, I held on to her leg and would not let go. People would comment that I looked just like her, which I took as a compliment. I admire my mom and I think she is a great role model. As the years go by, I see myself following my mother’s footsteps with what she did in life. From the interests and activities she did, to what she persued as a career, I am going to be like her. One afternoon I met with my cousin, Jhawn, and I asked him to describe me. First thing he mentioned was that I have my mother’s features. He said that my mother and I have the same smile and he once mistook me for my mom when I laughed. Our other family members said that my upper face shows a resemblence to my mom because we have the same eyes. My mom said that I have the body shape she had, for example, she was built with wider hips which I got from her. When my mom was younger, she was thin and active in sports just like I used to be. One day my mom and I went to the fabric store, picked out a few materials, and made a unique curtain for the living room. We often do little projects together like decorating the rooms or creating our own Christmas decorations. When it came to style, my cousin said I was about seven years old when I showed an interest in fashion by wearing her coat and shoes. Now that I am older, my mom and I have the same taste in clothes and often share purses. Sometimes when we go shopping together, my mom chooses my clothes because she has good taste. My mom and I both like to shop for my father and brother because they do not have the taste in style like us. Traveling is an activity I love to do. You can say that I got this from my mom also because when my brother and I were younger, our parents traveled a lot bringing us to different places. My most memorable traveling experience was going to the Philippines...

Four Points Kingston Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Four Points Kingston - Case Study Example The objective of the Four Point Kingston is that to provide the proper response and service to the people or the customers who comes there and to provide them rooms with a nominal and a reasonable tariff compared to the other resorts or the hotels. Apart from that they also provide the people with a good equipment room and lot of relaxation games and the activities that are present there. Also to give the customers a happy and a long lasting memory full of happiness about the stay in the resort. Four Point Kingston is providing a lot of features to the customer but it also have some other problems and issues they are nothing but the problems due to the competitions and the future planning. This has to be taken into account and should be dealt in an expertise manner in order to avoid the bitter results because the competitive places are also the reputed ones and they do provide a good customer service. The main problem is that the competitive places have a fully equipped sight seeing place that is from the place the Kingston harbor is visible and is able to provide the customers a nice sight seeing place in the same way four point also provides the sight seeing of a lake which tallies the other. Apart from this pro Apart from this problem Four Point also suffers some other problem which is the vacancy of the rooms. Most of the customers who arrive to Kingston come mainly to be relaxed and to get some pleasure. So most of the rooms get booked only in the season timing and mostly they are all peak at that time. But at the other timings most of the rooms are left just like that this is the other problem faced by the Kingston group. SHORT TERM & LONG TERM The Four Point Kingston is a nice place for the tourists to stay and enjoy having pleasure but also certain things has to get enhanced because there are certain places that has been developed in a greater extent to attract more number of people. So it has to concentrate on the profits and the enhanced services that have to be provided in the mere future. RECOMMENDATION Lot of recommendations can be given for the development in the short term the main thing that has to be increased is the revenues to the concern or in other words the profitability to the four points. This can be achieved by allotting the vaccant rooms to a least benefit by giving certain concessions and at the same time through some simple enhanced services instead of the costly ones. Like instead of giving coffee machines can provide coffee to the persons directly twice a day or else providing some decent but cheaper drinks. So the vacant rooms also will be occupied and at the same time the lesser cost will be tallied using this system. Also making the conference halls well equipped. But

ECE 4332 ELECTR OOPTIC DEVICES AND SYSTEMS Assignment

ECE 4332 ELECTR OOPTIC DEVICES AND SYSTEMS - Assignment Example Accompanying the evolution from copper wire or wireless connection to lightwave networks is the proliferation of new optical devices. Discoveries in optical transmitters, amplifiers, frequency converters, filters and multiplexers enable ways to generate, condition, and detect light. The study of wave interactions with periodic structures has yielded convenient methods of analysis and the results have been extended to gratings in wavelengths such as those in distributed feedback lasers, acousto-optic modulators and filters, and other diffracted waveguide devices. The fiber Bragg gratings is readily analyzed by coupled mode and transfer matrixes analysis. the two modes of the waveguide Bragg grating are the counter propagating waves in the fiber which are coupled through the grating reflection. In the absence of the grating, the spatial dependence of the polarization currents for the forward wave are proportional to. Perturbations by a grating having spatial period Ù ¨ create new sidebands that result in wave coupling i.e. exp( jÃŽ ²z)cos(2Ï€z/Ù ¨) = Â ½{exp[j(ÃŽ ²-2Ï€/Ù ¨)z]+exp[j(ÃŽ ²+2Ï€/Ù ¨)z]} and mode coupling to the backward coupling wave. Exp[-jÃŽ ²z] described by the first term on the right-hand side, occurs when -ÃŽ ²~(ÃŽ ²-2Ï€/Ù ¨). T hen the forward propagating wave is reflected (coupled) into the backward propagating wave. Coupled mode equations are readily derived upon substitution by the grating refractive index function into the wave equation +[]2E(Ù ¤)=0 where Ù ¤=koz is the normalized axial dimension and n(Ù ¤)/no=1+ÏÆ'(Ù ¤)+2h(Ù ¤)cos[2Ù ¤+2Ç ¿(Ù ¤)]. Here, no is the effective index of the propagating waves, and k0=Ù ¤onok is the nominal Bragg wave number, for constant Ç ¿, the Bragg wavelength is ÃŽ »bragg=2Ï€n0/k0. Change in the local average refractive index is defined by ÏÆ', the peak-to-peak index variation is 4h and corresponds to grating

Compensation Plan Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Compensation Plan - Research Paper Example For example, the ‘All-Employee Option Plans’ which are currently being regulated in sixteen of the nations where Unilever maintains its presence, the workforce has been granted with an incentive to enhance performance levels and meet targets and objectives so as to become eligible for financial rewards (Unilever Group Annual Report and Accounts, 2003). Accordingly, the company has also designed a plan to cater to the classification of senior and top executives who have maintained their presence in the company for significant periods and thus, have greater tenure. Thus, the plan declares what is defined as a the platform that awards senior officials â€Å"’between 0% and 20% of the original conditional award† after the completion of a specified period (Unilever Group Annual Report and Accounts, 2003). The rationale behind the establishment of an ‘equity based compensation plan’ that is further subcategorized into six classifications can be explained by associating the concept with Unilever’s policy of fair compensation. In accordance with this agenda the company aims to continually assess workforce issues, internal mechanisms and labor practices to improve and enhance the transparency of the compensation system on a concurrent basis in 180 nations of operations (Unilever, 2014a). Consequently, the data retrieved with respect to these matters would be compiled the following year so that the formulation of solutions can be conducted to cope with current issues. 2. According to the research presented by Balken and Gomez-Mejia (1990), the decision-making process regarding internal consistency of compensation system is reliant upon several factors, one of which is characterized by the identification of the organizational strategies that must be maintained to guide the company towards the achievement of objectives. Consequently, from the perspective of employees a fair, just or

Environmental Effects of Pesticides Essay Example for Free

Environmental Effects of Pesticides Essay Over 98% of sprayed insecticides and 95% of herbicides reach a destination other than their target species, including nontarget species, air, water, bottom sediments, and food.[1] Pesticide contaminates land and water when it escapes from production sites and storage tanks, when it runs off from fields, when it is discarded, when it is sprayed aerially, and when it is sprayed into water to kill algae.[2] The amount of pesticide that migrates from the intended application area is influenced by the particular chemicals properties: its propensity for binding to soil, its vapor pressure, its water solubility, and its resistance to being broken down over time. [3] Factors in the soil, such as its texture, its ability to retain water, and the amount of organic matter contained in it, also affect the amount of pesticide that will leave the area.[3] Some pesticides contribute to global warming and the depletion of the ozone layer.[4] [edit] Air Pesticides can contribute to air pollution . Pesticide drift occurs when pesticides suspended in the air as particles are carried by wind to other areas, potentially contaminating them.[5] Pesticides that are applied to crops can volatilize and may be blown by winds into nearby areas, potentially posing a threat to wildlife.[6] Also, droplets of sprayed pesticides or particles from pesticides applied as dusts may travel on the wind to other areas,[7] or pesticides may adhere to particles that blow in the wind, such as dust particles.[8] Ground spraying produces less pesticide drift than aerial spraying does.[9] Farmers can employ a buffer zone around their crop, consisting of empty land or non-crop plants such as evergreen trees to serve as windbreaks and absorb the pesticides, preventing drift into other areas.[10] Such windbreaks are legally required in the Netherlands.[10] Pesticides that are sprayed on to fields and used to fumigate soil can give off chemicals called volatile organic compounds, which can react with other chemicals and form a pollutant called tropospheric ozone. Pesticide use accounts for about 6 percent of total tropospheric ozone levels.[11] [edit] Water In the United States, pesticides were found to pollute every stream and over 90% of wells sampled in a study by the US Geological Survey.[12] Pesticide residues have also been found in rain and groundwater.[3] Studies by the UK government showed that pesticide concentrations exceeded those allowable for drinking water in some samples of river water and groundwater.[13] Pesticide impacts on aquatic systems are often studied using a hydrology transport model to study movement and fate of chemicals in rivers and streams. As early as the 1970s quantitative analysis of pesticide runoff was conducted in order to predict amounts of pesticide that would reach surface waters.[14] There are four major routes through which pesticides reach the water: it may drift outside of the intended area when it is sprayed, it may percolate, or leach, through the soil, it may be carried to the water as runoff, or it may be spilled, for example accidentally or through neglect.[15] They may also be carried to water by eroding soil.[16] Factors that affect a pesticides ability to contaminate water include its water solubility, the distance from an application site to a body of water, weather, soil type, presence of a growing crop, and the method used to apply the chemical.[17] Maximum limits of allowable concentrations for individual pesticides in public bodies of water are set by the Environmental Protection Agency in the US.[3][17] Similarly, the government of the United Kingdom sets Environmental Quality Standards (EQS), or maximum allowable concentrations of some pesticides in bodies of water above which toxicity may occur.[18] The European Union also regulates maximum concentrations of pesticides in water.[18] [edit] Soil Many of the chemicals used in pesticides are persistent soil contaminants, whose impact may endure for decades and adversely affect soil conservation.[19] The use of pesticides decreases the general biodiversity in the soil. Not using the chemicals results in higher soil quality,[verification needed][20] with the additional effect that more organic matter in the soil allows for higher water retention.[3] This helps increase yields for farms in drought years, when organic farms have had yields 20-40% higher than their conventional counterparts.[21] A smaller content of organic matter in the soil increases the amount of pesticide that will leave the area of application, because organic matter binds to and helps break down pesticides.[3] [edit] Effects on biota [edit] Plants Nitrogen fixation, which is required for the growth of higher plants, is hindered by pesticides in soil.[22] The insecticides DDT, methyl parathion, and especially pentachlorophenol have been shown to interfere with legume-rhizobium chemical signaling.[22] Reduction of this symbiotic chemical signaling results in reduced nitrogen fixation and thus reduced crop yields.[22] Root nodule formation in these plants saves the world economy $10 billion in synthetic nitrogen fertilizer every year.[23] Pesticides can kill bees and are strongly implicated in pollinator decline, the loss of species that pollinate plants, including through the mechanism of Colony Collapse Disorder,[24][25][26][27] in which worker bees from a beehive or Western honey bee colony abruptly disappear. Application of pesticides to crops that are in bloom can kill honeybees,[5] which act as pollinators. The USDA and USFWS estimate that US farmers lose at least $200 million a year from reduced crop pollination because pesticides applied to fields eliminate about a fifth of honeybee colonies in the US and harm an additional 15%.[1] On the other side, pesticides have some direct harmful effect on plant including poor root hair development, shoot yellowing and reduced plant growth [28]. [edit] Animals Pesticides inflict extremely widespread damage to biota, and many countries have acted to discourage pesticide usage through their Biodiversity Action Plans.[citation needed] Animals may be poisoned by pesticide residues that remain on food after spraying, for example when wild animals enter sprayed fields or nearby areas shortly after spraying.[9] Widespread application of pesticides can eliminate food sources that certain types of animals need, causing the animals to relocate, change their diet, or starve.[5] Poisoning from pesticides can travel up the food chain; for example, birds can be harmed when they eat insects and worms that have consumed pesticides.[5] Some pesticides can bioaccumulate, or build up to toxic levels in the bodies of organisms that consume them over time, a phenomenon that impacts species high on the food chain especially hard.[5] [edit] Birds Bald eagles are common examples of nontarget organisms that are impacted by pesticide use. Rachel Carsons landmark book Silent Spring dealt with the loss of bird species due to bioaccumulation of pesticides in their tissues. There is evidence that birds are continuing to be harmed by pesticide use. In the farmland of Britain, populations of ten different species of birds have declined by 10 million breeding individuals between 1979 and 1999, a phenomenon thought to have resulted from loss of plant and invertebrate species on which the birds feed.[29] Throughout Europe, 116 species of birds are now threatened.[29] Reductions in bird populations have been found to be associated with times and areas in which pesticides are used.[29] In another example, some types of fungicides used in peanut farming are only slightly toxic to birds and mammals, but may kill off earthworms, which can in turn reduce populations of the birds and mammals that feed on them.[9] Some pesticides come in granular form, and birds and other wildlife may eat the granules, mistaking them for grains of food.[9] A few granules of a pesticide is enough to kill a small bird.[9] The herbicide paraquat, when sprayed onto bird eggs, causes growth abnormalities in embryos and reduces the number of chicks that hatch successfully, but most herbicides do not directly cause much harm to birds.[9] Herbicides may endanger bird populations by reducing their habitat.[9] [edit] Aquatic life Fish and other aquatic biota may be harmed by pesticide-contaminated water.[30] Pesticide surface runoff into rivers and streams can be highly lethal to aquatic life, sometimes killing all the fish in a particular stream.[31] Application of herbicides to bodies of water can cause fish kills when the dead plants rot and use up the waters oxygen, suffocating the fish.[30] Some herbicides, such as copper sulfite, that are applied to water to kill plants are toxic to fish and other water animals at concentrations similar to those used to kill the plants.[30] Repeated exposure to sublethal doses of some pesticides can cause physiological and behavioral changes in fish that reduce populations, such as abandonment of nests and broods, decreased immunity to disease, and increased failure to avoid predators.[30] Application of herbicides to bodies of water can kill off plants on which fish depend for their habitat.[30] Pesticides can accumulate in bodies of water to levels that kill off zooplankton, the main source of food for young fish.[32] Pesticides can kill off the insects on which some fish feed, causing the fish to travel farther in search of food and exposing them to greater risk from predators.[30] The faster a given pesticide breaks down in the environment, the less threat it poses to aquatic life.[30] Insecticides are more toxic to aquatic life than herbicides and fungicides.[30] [edit] Amphibians See also: Decline in amphibian population In the past several decades, decline in amphibian populations has been occurring all over the world, for unexplained reasons which are thought to be varied but of which pesticides may be a part.[33] Mixtures of multiple pesticides appear to have a cumulative toxic effect on frogs.[34] Tadpoles from ponds with multiple pesticides present in the water take longer to metamorphose into frogs and are smaller when they do, decreasing their ability to catch prey and avoid predators.[34] A Canadian study showed that exposing tadpoles to endosulfan, an organochloride pesticide at levels that are likely to be found in habitats near fields sprayed with the chemical kills the tadpoles and causes behavioral and growth abnormalities.[35] The herbicide atrazine has been shown to turn male frogs into hermaphrodites, decreasing their ability to reproduce.[34] [edit] Humans See also: Pesticide residue Pesticides can enter the human body through inhalation of aerosols, dust and vapor that contain pesticides; through oral exposure by consuming food and water; and through dermal exposure by direct contact of pesticides with skin.[36] Pesticides are sprayed onto food, especially fruits and vegetables, they secrete into soils and groundwater which can end up in drinking water, and pesticide spray can drift and pollute the air. The effects of pesticides on human health are more harmful based on the toxicity of the chemical and the length and magnitude of exposure.[37] Farm workers and their families experience the greatest exposure to agricultural pesticides through direct contact with the chemicals. But every human contains a percentage of pesticides found in fat samples in their body. Children are most susceptible and sensitive to pesticides due to their small size and underdevelopment.[36] The chemicals can bioaccumulate in the body over time. Exposure to pesticides can range from mild skin irritation to birth defects, tumors, genetic changes, blood and nerve disorders, endocrine disruption, and even coma or death.[38] Some pesticides, including aldrin, chlordane, DDT, dieldrin, endrin, heptachlor, hexachlorobenzene, mirex, and toxaphene, are considered POPs.[39] POPs have the ability to volatilize and travel great distances through the atmosphere to become deposited in remote regions.[39] The chemicals also have the ability to bioaccumulate and biomagnify, and can bioconcentrate (i.e. become more concentrated) up to 70,000 times their original concentrations.[39] POPs may continue to poison non-target organisms in the environment and increase risk to humans[40] by disruption in the endocrine, reproductive, and immune systems; cancer; neurobehavioral disorders,[39] infertility and mutagenic effects, although very little is currently known about these chronic effects. Some POPs have been banned, while others continue to be used. [edit] Pest resistance

Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre :: essays research papers

Charlotte Bronte makes use of nature imagery throughout "Jane Eyre," and comments on both the human relationship with the outdoors and human nature. The Oxford Reference Dictionary defines "nature" as "1. the phenomena of the physical world as a whole . . . 2. a thing's essential qualities; a person's or animal's innate character . . . 4. vital force, functions, or needs." We will see how "Jane Eyre" comments on all of these. Several natural themes run through the novel, one of which is the image of a stormy sea. After Jane saves Rochester's life, she gives us the following metaphor of their relationship: "Till morning dawned I was tossed on a buoyant but unquiet sea . . . I thought sometimes I saw beyond its wild waters a shore . . . now and then a freshening gale, wakened by hope, bore my spirit triumphantly towards the bourne: but . . . a counteracting breeze blew off land, and continually drove me back." The gale is all the forces that prevent Jane's union with Rochester. Later, Bront†°, whether it be intentional or not, conjures up the image of a buoyant sea when Rochester says of Jane: "Your habitual expression in those days, Jane, was . . . not buoyant." In fact, it is this buoyancy of Jane's relationship with Rochester that keeps Jane afloat at her time of crisis in the heath: "Why do I struggle to retain a valueless life? Because I know, or believe, Mr. Rochester is living." Another recurrent image is Bront†°'s treatment of Birds. We first witness Jane's fascination when she reads Bewick's History of British Birds as a child. She reads of "death-white realms" and "'the solitary rocks and promontories'" of sea-fowl. We quickly see how Jane identifies with the bird. For her it is a form of escape, the idea of flying above the toils of every day life. Several times the narrator talks of feeding birds crumbs. Perhaps Bront†° is telling us that this idea of escape is no more than a fantasy -- one cannot escape when one must return for basic sustenance. The link between Jane and birds is strengthened by the way Bront†° adumbrates poor nutrition at Lowood through a bird who is described as "a little hungry robin." Bront†° brings the buoyant sea theme and the bird theme together in the passage describing the first painting of Jane's that Rochester examines. This painting depicts a turbulent sea with a sunken ship, and on the mast perches a cormorant with a gold bracelet in its mouth, apparently taken from a drowning body.